Journal of the College of Education for Women
Journal of the College of Education for Women ( JCEW) is a double-blind referred scientific quarterly journal established in 1990 by the College of Education for Women-University of Baghdad. From 1990 till 2004, the publications were only as hard copies. Since 2005 and up-to the present, the journal has started to publish its issues in two versions: hardcopy and electronic, and so it has now two international standard serial number, P-ISSN: 1680-8738 and E-ISSN: 2663-547X , respectively. It has further a deposit number of Books and Documents in Baghdad, no. (1309) in 2009. It also has a mailbox, bearing the number (47116). The journal welcomes high quality manuscripts investigating some human and social science topics related to the fields that reflect the eight departments of the College of Education for Women. These Fields include: Arabic Language English Language Quranic Studies Educational and Psychological research Research in Kindergarten Geography History Sociology Journal of the College of Education is research-oriented. It encourages submissions that incorporate theories and methodologies, and that are interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary reflecting the application of qualitative/quantitative/mixed mode paradigms and research designs. It publishes full-length original articles, papers extracted from thesis and dissertations, and review articles.The journal provides immediate open access to its contents to enhance a greater global exchange of knowledge. Moreover, articles are published with particular DOI numbers and are distributed under CC BY license.
All articles published in Journal of College of Education for Women are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Transcultural Identity and Cultural Exchange in Ruth P. Jhabvala's Heat and Dust
This study examines transcultural concepts in Ruth Prawer Jhabvala's novel, "Heat and Dust." Drawing upon the novel's rich narrative tapestry, which unfolds across dual timelines set in the 1920s and 1970s, this research seeks to unravel the intricate dynamics of transculturalism as a central thematic element. The study aims to concentrate on the social sides of Heat and Dust. The transcultural concepts are considered a significant theme that projects the image of India, its traditions, and modernity after independence through Jhabvala's novel Heat and Dust. The analysis examines how characters navigate the complex interplay of diverse cultures and languages, and identities by employing theoretical frameworks from cultural studies, postcolonial theory, and transcultural studies. In conclusion, the influence of English culture on Indian society has been significant and multifaceted, primarily due to the historical context of British colonisation in India. The impact is evident in various aspects of Indian culture, including language, education, law, administration, and social customs.
cultural exchange, Heat and Dust, Ruth P. Jabvala, transcultural study
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of the College of Education for Women
A Pragma-Critical Discourse Analysis of Directive and Commissive Illocutionary Force in Selected American Political Speeches
Critical and text linguistics play a key role in analyzing the speaker's intended meaning. Pragmatics examines communicative action and its appropriateness within context, while Critical Discourse Analysis identifies and investigates social injustice in language. Commissive and directive speech acts have been the focus of much investigation in political discourse; however, previous studies have not dealt with situational and background context from CDA perspectives. This study employs a combined qualitative and quantitative methodological approach, utilizing an eclectic model consisting of Searle's directive and commissive speech acts, Fairclough's sociocultural model, and Van Dijk's socio-cognitive approach. The data is empirical, consisting of eight selected political speeches from the presidential debate between Donald Trump and Kamala Harris hosted by ABC News in September 2024, with four texts analyzed for each speaker. The study investigates how both politicians view themselves from a pragma-critical perspective, how Searle's approach reflects conflict pragmatically, the most occurring elements in Van Dijk's model, and how Fairclough's approach constructs discourse. Findings reveal that Trump utilizes more commissive speech acts (100%) than Harris (75%), employing ordering, threatening, and vowing as powerful linguistic tools. Trump utilizes the 'society' element more frequently (75%), demonstrating dominance and power interactions, while both speakers employ Fairclough's discursive and social practices equally. These two models can address concerns about language use by powerful elites against helpless people during interaction, contributing to understanding how directives and commissives negotiate power and construct political legitimacy in high-stakes disputes.
Critical Discourse Analysis, Directives, Illocutionary acts, Manipulation, Pragmatics, Trump-Harris debate
Fertility in Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid's Tale and Leni Zumas’s Red Clocks: A Gender Study
Gender studies is a huge field that is so rich with studies concerning both genders. That study focuses on socio- cultural structure of the roles of males and females, which accordingly affects the political and economic condition of both sexes. Fertility as part of gender studies is a complex and deeply personal issue that has been a recurring theme in literature throughout history. It encompasses the ability to conceive and bear children, and the experiences of those who struggle with infertility or reproductive challenges. This theme has been explored in various literary works, shedding light on fertility's emotional, social, and cultural dimensions. Fertility is depicted in literary works such as The Handmaid's Tale (1985) by Canadian author Margaret Atwood and Red Clocks (2018) by Leni Zumas, these two novels really illustrated the impact of restricted reproductive laws and how they affect women's lives, identities, and autonomy which are explored by both authors using dystopian settings. Fertility is the major issue that these novels examine and how society views and is affected by contraception, burdening women’s life in the process. Such a topic is imperative to create a kind of awareness to reach a kind of equality between men and women as part of human rights, which leads afterwards to a developed society.
Dystopian setting, fertility, Gender study, social inequality
Exploring Cultural Interaction as a Tool for Language Learning: A Mixed-Methods Study
This paper attempts to explore the importance of intercultural interaction as a language-learning tool among students who are majoring in English as a Foreign Language through various methodologies. The study compares the effect of exposure to target culture on linguistic competence, pragmatic awareness and affective aspects of language acquisition based on the theory of intercultural communicative competence and sociocultural learning. The quantitative data were gathered with the help of a Cultural Interaction and Language Learning Questionnaire, which was given to 80 students, and semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with a subsample of 20 students. The findings reveal that there is a strong agreement regarding the cognitive and motivational advantages of genuine cultural interest e.g., enhanced language fluency, listening comprehensiveness and acquisition of slang. Nevertheless, the statistics also point to major emotional issues, such as anxiety and low self-esteem in real-life interactions, which implicates a gap between the theoretical support and the real-life reality. Communicative resilience, identity reframing and the reframing of intercultural dissonance were also found to be processes in the thematic analysis as developmental opportunities. It is concluded that intercultural integration is a two-sided and yet a transformative factor in language learning which demands pedagogical methods that promote its cognitive and emotional requirements. The paper explains the inferences of this in the context of developing intercultural competence and significant language use in the context of teaching English as a foreign language (EFL)
cultural interaction, learning language, mixed-method research, intercultural communicative competence, EFL, sociocultural theory, pragmatic competence, identity negotiation
The Impact of Executive Attention Strategy on EFL Preparatory School Pupils’ Ideational Behaviour
Most of the pupils depend in their learning on memorization, repetition and modeling, they do not try to think out of the box. Greater significance has been given to improving pupils’ thinking skills because of all the rapid changes in the world. The objective of the current study is to examine how executive attention technique affects the ideational behavior of EFL preparatory school pupils for the 2024–2025 academic year. For this objective, the following hypothesis was formulated: “There is a significant impact of executive attention strategy on EFL preparatory school pupils’ ideational behavior”. To achieve this objective, Runco Ideational Behavior Scale is used. This scale is a five-point Likert scale questionnaire with 23 items based on Runco et al. (2001), ranging from 1(never) to 5 (always). The population in this research is all fourth preparatory in Al-Nahda Secondary School for Girls, where the total number is 250. The sample consisted of (74) pupils who were randomly chosen. The results showed that pupils' ideational behavior conduct post-test total score differed statistically significantly between the two research groups, favoring the experimental group that received instruction by using the executive attention strategy.
EFL, Executive attention, Ideational behaviour, Preparatory school pupils, Strategy.
Sifting through the Controversy: The Moral Problem in Roald Dahl’s Matilda
Since 1988, Roald Dahl's Matilda has garnered praise and criticism. This descriptive and analytical study addresses Matilda's moral dilemma with her parents and the authoritarian school headmistress. The paper examines whether the novel promotes moral empowerment through teaching or moral transgression by legitimizing a child's punishment of an adult authority figure. Child ethics, authority, and education's function in moral development inform the study's moral and educational criticism framework. The article examines Matilda's situation as a brilliant youngster living in a difficult family and subjected to school mistreatment through close textual analysis. The ethical ramifications of her acts against power-hungry adults are highlighted. Critical responses to the novel fell into two factions, according to the study. Matilda supporters see education, reading, and intellectual progress as self-defense and moral agency. The story encourages parents and educators to transform the family and school as social institutions. The tale may encourage disobedience, dishonesty, and indirect aggression by depicting adult authority as wrong and deserving of punishment, according to opponents. The study indicates that Matilda exposes the moral repercussions of ignored responsibility and oppressive authority, not just disobedience against family and school. The narrative portrays education as moral empowerment rather than corruption. Dahl highlights the power disparity between children and adults, inviting readers to reconsider parents' and educators' moral responsibility while framing Matilda's actions as a response to injustice rather than a rejection of moral order.
Children’s abuse, Children’s literature, Family, Matilda, Moral Dilemma, Roald Dahl, School
Imam Muhammad ibn Ismail ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq (peace be upon them) (d. 193 AH/809 AD) and His Influence on the Ismaili School of Thought: A Historical Study
Imam Muhammad ibn Isma'il ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) represents a controversial figure in the history of Islamic sects, as various groups claimed affiliation with him, particularly those who embraced Isma'ilism as a theological belief and way of life. His public and secretive life sparked disagreements in narrating his accounts, with historical sources differing on the locations of his travels, the variety of his titles, as well as the time, place, and location of his death and burial. Some even claimed that he went into a prolonged occultation and is still alive today. He was given many titles, including al-Maktum (the Concealed), a title recognized in the Imami, theological, historical, and Isma'ili traditions. He is considered one of the "concealed" imams in Isma'ilism. His life took on various phases, each surpassing the previous in complexity, a characteristic that influenced the Isma'ilis due to the sanctity of his personality.
Ismailism, Doctrines, Imamate, Ismail ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq
Scientific life in the Andalusian city of Carmona
The study of medieval cities—regardless of their geographical location or civilizational context—has never been a simple or straightforward undertaking in historical research. A city represents a complex entity that embodies within its physical and symbolic structures the features of civilization and culture, patterns of daily life, and the social and economic relationships that shaped its community across successive periods. It is not merely a geographical space, but a living historical organism reflecting shifts in political authority, demographic transformations, intellectual and religious influences, as well as systems of production and urban development. Therefore, approaching the history of any medieval city requires a multidimensional perspective capable of capturing its political, social, and cultural contexts. The city of Carmona offers a representative example of such historical interaction. Throughout its successive eras, it experienced continuous political transformations due to the alternation of ruling powers, leaving a clear imprint on its urban features and social and cultural structures. The city underwent significant changes in administrative and defensive systems, while its geographical location contributed to shaping its strategic and economic role. This cumulative civilizational layering generated notable cultural, intellectual, and social diversity, manifested in patterns of daily life, scholarly and religious activity, and the interaction of its inhabitants with the wider regional environment. Accordingly, the study of Carmona provides valuable insight into the broader transformations that characterized medieval cities and illustrates the extent to which they were shaped by major political and civilizational developments within the Andalusian sphere.
Andalusian Carmona, Andalusian cities, scientific life
Spatial Analysis of the Elements of Marital Structure of the Population in Basra City (A Field Study in Population Geography)
The distribution of the population according to civil or marital status affects and is affected by many other demographic characteristics. It is well known that the civil status of the population is not fixed and is constantly changing in terms of size and spatial variation depending on the economic and social conditions of society. The research aims to analyze the elements of the marital structure of the population of Basra City through a geographical and demographic analysis, in terms of spatial distribution and variation, and to identify interconnected and influential relationships. The field study concluded that 73.4% of the population studied were never married, while the remaining percentage was distributed among the remaining segments of the population: married, widowed, and divorced, at a rate of 13.2%. and 4.8% and 8.6%, respectively.
تحليل مكاني، تركيب زواجي، جغرافية السكان، سكان البصرة
Mixed Land Use: Concepts, Experiences, and Indicators
The role of mixed land use has become widely prominent and prevalent in urban proposals as a strategy aimed at adding value to the area to distinguish it from areas with separate uses by combining compatible and diverse activities at different levels to create A vibrant environment that meets the needs of the community to enhance the integration and vitality of the place, increase interaction between members of the local community, and encourage daily activities, most importantly walking in public spaces. The appropriate layout of their homes makes the different uses compatible with each other and creates an organized and healthy arrangement to achieve the basic objectives of the planning process (compatibility between mixed land uses). It is necessary to emphasize the achievement of luxury and the provision of basic services. and create a healthy and vibrant community characterized by effectiveness among its members within the city. The city is composed of a complex resulting from the intertwining of functions, multiple uses, and needs according to political, administrative, economic, and social choices, which in turn calls for the practice of
mixed land use, mixed-use development, sustainability
The Impact of Industrial Presence on Residential Areas in Baghdad Governorate
The industrial presence, especially in residential areas, has many negative and positive effects at the same time. As for the negative impact, it lies in environmental pollution therefore this study indicates the importance of industrial planning to achieve a balance between the requirements of industrial production and maintaining environmental balance, especially in residential areas. the most important theories dealing with the issue of the overlap of industrial activity with residential areas are mentioned such as the linear city theory and the modern satellite city theory. As for the positive aspect of the industrial presence especially after the use of technology which contributed to achieving part of the environmental balance. Baghdad Governorate was chosen as a study model due to its population density and industrial activity. Baghdads population is constantly increasing, resulting in the need for many products. Which consequently leads to the divesing of industries. and the increase of job opportunities, this study with the types of industries its number and the nember of workers and their wages in Baghdad Governorate. it is clear that the number of industries is constantly increasing in the governorate due to the increasing population it is also noted that there are many residential areas that are referred to as industrial due to the dense spread of industries in them, such as the Al-Waziriyah, Awerij, Al-Kamaliyah, Bob Al-sham and Jamila Industrial areas.
Industrial presence, Industrial planning, environmental balance, residential areas
The Level of Awareness of Educational Innovations in Science Teaching Among Pre-Service Teachers at the Faculty of Education, Sana’a University
The research aimed to identify the level of awareness of educational innovations in the field of teaching science among student teachers at the Faculty of Education, Sana'a University. The researchers adopted the descriptive survey approach, and a knowledge test was prepared in light of educational innovations. The research was applied to a sample of (92) student teachers specialized in (chemistry, physics, biology). The results of the research showed that the level of awareness of student teachers in educational innovations in the field of teaching science in general is very weak, and there are statistically significant differences between the average scores of males (30.04) and the average scores of females (36.24) in the degree of their awareness of educational innovations in the field of teaching sciences is in favor of females with the highest arithmetic mean. The results also showed that there are no statistically significant differences between the mean scores of student teachers in the degree of their awareness of educational innovations in the field of teaching science according to the specialization variable (chemistry, biology, physics).
Awareness of educational innovations-student teachers
The Morphological Structures of the Plurals of Fewness and Abundance in the Scenes of the Day of Judgment: A Morphological-Semantic Study
This study explores the morphological structures of plurals of fewness and abundance in the depiction of the scenes of the Day of Judgment in the Holy Qur’an through a morphological–semantic approach. It examines how plural patterns contribute to meaning construction and rhetorical imagery, arguing that the Qur’anic selection of plural forms is guided not only by morphological rules but also by contextual and stylistic considerations. The research outlines the traditional Arabic grammatical understanding of pluralization, fewness, and abundance, and clarifies the relationship between morphological structure and contextual meaning. The applied analysis focuses on selected Qur’anic examples in which plurals of fewness are employed to portray limited or individualized scenes, such as human weakness, fear, and vulnerability. The study shows that these forms may extend beyond their quantitative sense to convey rhetorical emphasis or relative multiplicity depending on context. It also examines plurals of abundance and their role in depicting comprehensive and universal scenes, including the gathering of creation, the spreading of records, and cosmic transformation. These forms evoke expansiveness and magnitude, reinforcing the intensity of eschatological imagery. The findings indicate that Qur’anic context can expand or restrict the semantic range of plural forms, transforming morphological structures into effective rhetorical devices that enhance semantic depth and textual impact. The study concludes that plural patterns play a significant role in shaping the linguistic and rhetorical representation of the Day of Judgment.
Abundance Plurals, Contextual Meaning, Day of Judgment Scenes, Fewness Plurals, Plural Structures
L1 Influence on Chinese Learners’ Pronunciation of English /l/ and /r/: A Phonological Study
This study investigates how first language (L1) competence influences the phonological production of English liquid consonants /l/ and /r/ among Mandarin Chinese speakers. The research adopts an experimental acoustic-phonetic design supported by auditory analysis and perceptual judgment to examine pronunciation variation. Four Mandarin-speaking postgraduate learners of English participated in controlled minimal-pair production tasks in isolated and sentence-embedded forms. Guided by Flege’s (1995) Speech Learning Model (SLM), the study analyzed the extent to which L1 phonetic categories affect the acquisition of L2 sound contrasts. Findings show that participants generally produced the /l/ sound accurately, while the /r/ sound exhibited persistent distortions and substitutions due to the absence of a distinct /r/ phoneme in Mandarin. These difficulties increased when sounds appeared in full sentence contexts, indicating heavier phonological processing demands. The results demonstrate a clear influence of L1 interference on segmental accuracy in English pronunciation. The study highlights the necessity of implementing targeted phonological instruction to support Mandarin learners in overcoming persistent difficulties with the /r/ sound.
/l/ and /r/ contrast, English liquids, L1 interference, Mandarin speakers, minimal pairs, phonological acquisition, Speech Learning Model (SLM)
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of the College of Education for Women
Sacred Symbolism in Ziyarat Warith: An Analytical Study of Three English Translations
Ziyarat Warith (ZW) is rightly considered a landmark in the Islamic legacy; however, it has not yet received its deserved attention in translation into English. Attempting to fill a gap in the literature, the present study examines how sacred symbolism in ZW is translated into English. Based on Tillich’s (2009) premise that symbols are an integral part of religious language, the inclusion of sacred symbolism in ZW is not accidental. Rather, it represents the archetype reflecting the Infallible Imam’s status. Therefore, it poses serious challenges for translators because of its deep connotations. This study aspires to achieve a twofold objective; firstly, to highlight the significance of sacred symbols in ZW according to Perrine's (1992), secondly, to detect how these symbols have been transferred into English. For the purposes of the study, three different translations by Ansariyan (2005), Kazmi (2014) and Qarai (2019) are examined in terms of the adopted translation strategies. Five selected extracts from ZW represent the data of study. It is hypothesized that translators will use explicitation to further clarify the original text. Qualitative analysis of the data revealed that sacred symbolism is mostly lost in translation when translators literally approached ZW. It is concluded that the complex nature of sacred symbolism demands being engaged with Shiite interpretation and exegesis to make the proper choice of translation strategy.
contextual symbols, explicitation, Imam Hussain (A.S.), religious translation, sacred symbolism, Ziyarat Warith
Lieu de Mémoire in August Wilson’s Radio Golf
In literature, places frequently serve as more than just physical settings. They actively participate in the plot of the literary text and represent the historical, social, and cultural aspects of the inhabitants who live in them. In August Wilson's Radio Golf, Ester's house and Pittsburgh's Hill District are important locations that capture the struggles and lived experiences of African Americans. Instead of being blank backgrounds, these places are storied settings that are filled with cultural heritage and memory. This paper explores the conflict between erasure and remembrance in Hill District and Aunt Ester's house. As a neighborhood on the edge of change, Hill District is portrayed in the play as being in danger of being cut off from its historical roots by gentrification and economic development plans. On the other hand, Ester's house acts as a sacred, nearly mythical place that keeps spiritual continuity and decades of African American memory. It turns into a moral compass that forces characters to face their heritage before pursuing a future aim. This paper embraces the theory of the human geographer, Yi-Fu Tuan, showing how Wilson transforms places into archives of historical value by blending resistance into physical structures. This study highlights the value of cultural preservation in the face of displacement and contributes to current academic discussions in African American geographies, memory studies, and literary urbanism. Ultimately, by focusing on the Hill District and Ester's house, Radio Golf offers a deep reflection on how a place shapes its people's identity and collective memory.
African Americans, heritage, Hill District, memory, place
Love for Nature in Jane Andrews’ short Stories: An Ecostylistic Study
Love is a beautiful and complex concept that can have many different forms. One of its forms is love of nature. This love of nature stems from a fundamental understanding of our place within the ecosystem. We as human beings see nature as a good source for healing ourselves and recharge our energy. The aim of the current study is to investigate this concept in two short stories selected from Anderws’ book The Stories Mother Nature Told Her Children from an ecostylistic perspective. It also aims to make a contribution to the domains of ecology and stylistics by demonstrating how stylistic choices can be used to transmit a certain viewpoint about love of nature. The data are analyzed according to Stibbe (2015). The analysis reveals that the writer was able to depict the natural and human worlds as being intimately entwined due to the wealth of lexical resources. Moreover, a variety of stylistic devices are effectively employed to reflect the concept of love for nature in the data under scrutiny.
ecolinguistics, ecostylistics, Jane Andrew, The Stories Mother Nature Told Her Children
Exploring Peer Teaching Practices among EFL/ESL Teachers
This This paper defines peer teaching as a teaching methodology in the context of ESL/EFL. It aims to demonstrate the relationship between the teacher and language learners in the classroom by overviewing the advantages, disadvantages, and challenges that washout peer teaching method effectively. The research study addresses Arthurson's themes, which include teaching skills, learning skills, student engagement and motivation, communication skills, preparation, and group work activities. The qualitative study hypothesizes whether or not the themes of peer teaching are statistically significant. The research instrument conducts a questionnaire on a 5-point Likert scale to diagnose the descriptive data of peer teaching themes. Sixty-five EFL teachers from the University of Baghdad, University of Tikrit, and University of Soran in Iraq responded randomly. The findings of the quantitative research are of direct practical relevance. The peer teaching method applies to teaching skills (M = 3.58, SD = 1.027) and communication skills (M = 3.53, SD = 0.967) compared to the other themes. One-way ANOVA determines the statistical significance of the mean scores in the themes of peer teaching. Given this evidence, EFL teachers can track peer teaching because of its successful teaching outcome in teaching and communication skills to create a convenient environment for student interaction. The study suggests that novice teachers need to participate in extensive training courses in the future to ensure peer-teaching experience. It is crucial to investigate the learners' viewpoints towards this teaching method to reach valuable outcomes regarding students' experiences in EFL classrooms.
communication skills, group work activities, learning skills, peer teaching, preparation, student engagement and motivation, teaching skills
The Intellectual Impact on Extremist Movements: A Case Study of The Call for Global Islamic Resistance
The book “The Call for Global Islamic Resistance” is considered one of the most significant works in the history of extremist thought, due to several characteristics, most notably its encyclopedic nature. It presents a comprehensive and ready-to-implement plan for terrorists, both individuals and groups. The book has influenced several extremist organizations, most notably and dangerously, ISIS (Daesh). Its author, Abu Musab al-Suri (Mustafa Abdul Qadir), is regarded as one of the foremost and earliest leaders of modern terrorist organizations. The book was produced following over a quarter-century of field experience. This work is considered a vital document that reveals some of the psychological factors behind the formation of violent religious extremism discourse, primarily through the concept of an eschatological worldview. As for the research methodology, qualitative content analysis was adopted, as it is one of the methods used in discursive social psychology. This approach was deemed most suitable for dealing with such an important and voluminous document.
Abu Musab al-Suri, Discursive Social Psychology, Qualitative Content Analysis
Designing a Psychological Program for Self-Management for high Schools Teachers
The present study aims to design a psychological program for self-management among high school teachers and to prepare a suitable scale for pre- and post-test assessments suitable for the local context based on the cognitive- behavioral theory for enhancing self-management skills. The researcher adopted the descriptive- analytical- constructive method. The study consisted of two main phases: the first involved preparing the initial version of the self-management scale and the second focused on designing the psychological program of self-management. A scale was prepared to measure self-management including 34 items, with five alternatives for each item (Always, Often, Sometimes, Rarely, Never), distributed on three domains: emotions, cognitions, and behaviors. The scale was subsequently administered to a sample of high school teachers in the center of Duhok Governorate to obtain its psychometric properties, including validity and reliability, ensuring its appropriateness for practical application. Furthermore, a psychological program for self-management was constructed, comprising 16 sessions in its final form, each session was 90 minutes covering the three self-management domains. The program included an introductory session and a concluding session. Each session was structured to include an introduction, specific behavioral objectives, theoretical content, practical exercises, homework assignments, and formative assessment procedures. The program content was reviewed by experts in educational and psychological sciences, and no session was omitted; all sessions got 100% agreement rate according to their feedback. The study resulted in the preparation of a valid and reliable self- management scale suitable for application, as well as the construction of a psychological program appropriate for the teachers making it ready for implementation in the local environment. Consequently, several conclusions were drawn, and a set of conclusions, suggestions and recommendations.
high Schools, Psychological Program, Self-Management
Political Transformations and Dominant Symbols in Contemporary Iraq: A study in political anthropology
This research aims to study "political transformations and dominant symbols in Iraq" by clarifying the impact of these transformations on the production or reinforcement of certain symbols at the expense of others. "Hegemony" refers to the influence that these symbols wield and acquire through power over a reinforced social capital. This seeks to answer the central question: What contexts enable a particular symbol to exert influence and dominance in society? The study relied on the (night and day) approach of the anthropologist Gilbert Durand, which is based on a symbolic triad that dominates society, namely: (the warrior, the clergyman or priest, the peasant). The study demonstrates its conformity to Iraq in its political and social transformations from the establishment of the state in 1921 until 2003. The study was based on the method of historical tracking based on recalling a group of incidents accompanying the political transformations and their contexts, and demonstrating their tools and procedures that express the influence of one of the social symbols. The study revealed that the rise of a symbol is reinforced by the authority of the state through laws and procedures that increase its influence in society. Symbolism arises within social and political conditions that enable the state to exert its influence and represent the dominant force in politics and society. The study concludes that political and social transformations must be interpreted in light of dominant elements that represent the power and influence of authority, whether through force (the warrior), containment (the religious figure), or sustenance (the peasant).
cleric, peasant, social symbols, warrior
The Role of Social Work in Raising Environmental Awareness of the Risks of Climate Change
The research discusses the role of social services in raising environmental awareness of the negative impacts of various climatic and environmental phenomena on the Earth and all its inhabitants, and seeks to enhance environmental awareness among the population by demonstrating the role of social services in reducing catastrophic environmental phenomena and working to achieve environmental sustainability. The research focuses on demonstrating the role of green social services in confronting climate change problems and maintaining environmental sustainability, while clarifying the relationship between the environment and humans in light of climate change. To work on understanding the relationship between the environment and society in light of contemporary societal changes, the researcher conducted a field study to know the real role of the social service profession in the climatic nature of society. The field aspect was represented by distributing (200) questionnaire forms in Baghdad Governorate to social specialists and environmental specialists whose opinions were discussed, and a question was raised about the role of social service in developing environmental awareness of the dangers of climate change in Iraq. The study reached many results, including that social service has a clear role in developing environmental awareness in terms of protecting it and preventing it from loss, pollution and waste, and it is one of the important roles that social specialists have begun to focus on and that it is one of the professions with close contact with humans, as the specialist deals directly with humans and the environment.
Environmental social service, environmental awareness, climate change risks.
Silence in the pre-Islamic and early Islamic eras
Ancient poetry has been the focus of attention of writers and critics, both ancient and modern, as an inexhaustible sea of ​​​​giving and endless pearls. Therefore, it was rich in literary and rhetorical arts. Silence occupied a large space within it, due to its ability to soothe the soul with the fewest words and shortest phrases. Poets resorted to it to express the turmoil in their minds and the worries and pain, or joy and happiness contained within their souls, and because of its potential for complaint and containing feelings Containing feelings, inclining hearts, and sharpening the recipient’s enthusiasm to make him a part of the emotional experience that the poet depicts in his poetry. The research addressed the concept of silence and how it formed a clear feature in the poetry of poets in the pre-Islamic and early Islamic eras, and how they were able to use it to express their various and diverse feelings and emotions through their silence and the use of its techniques of gestures and body language, in addition to the monument that speaks for itself without an intermediary.
Beauty, Crying, Early Islam, Pre-Islamic Era, Silence
Digital education and developing awareness of electronic risks from a social service perspective (Field study in the city of Baqubah)
The current research aims to identify what digital education is, and diagnose the challenges it faces in the process of developing awareness of electronic risks, as well as knowing digital ethics and its importance in building a healthy digital society, and employing the fields of the social work profession in raising levels of awareness of electronic risks among students. This research is one of Descriptive and analytical research that relies on the use of the social survey method using a purposive sample method that reached (200) respondents from male and female teachers working within the secondary staff in the General Directorate of Education of Diyala Governorate in the district of Baqubah and its environs. The researcher intended to build a scale (digital education and awareness of electronic risks), which It consists of (30) items distributed equally among three areas, after the form was subjected to the necessary statistical tests to verify its ability to measure what it was designed for. The research concluded that there are statistically significant differences between the areas of digital education and its role in developing awareness of electronic risks, The general trend of the respondents, each within their educational specialization, towards employing social service roles in developing awareness of electronic risks through interest in digital education was moderate.
awareness, digitization, education, risks
A Critical Pragmatic Study of Fallacy in Religious Debates
A fallacy is a kind of faulty reasoning that undermines the credibility of an argument on a logical level and paves the way for the argument to be exposed as being invalid. It is a flaw in reasoning that contravenes one or more of the five main criteria of a good argument. These criteria encompass the argument’s structure, relevance, acceptance, sufficiency, and rebuttal. It is argued that fallacies abound in debates, especially in religious ones. This paper examines this negative issue in terms of the critical pragmatic approach. It addresses the following questions: What are the types of fallacies that are made in religious debates? What are the pragmatic strategies used to convey fallacies in the data under study? This research analyzes two religious debates to answer these questions. The first is between a Muslim and an atheist figure, while the second is between a Christian and an atheist. This study utilizes Damer’s (2013) classification of fallacies as well as Searle’s theory (1976) and Grice’s Maxims (1975). A variety of conclusions have been reached. Firstly, the fallacy makers employ different types of fallacies to win the argument; they employ the fallacies of elusive normative premise, wrong reasoning, and ignoring the counter-evidence. Secondly, similar pragmatic strategies are utilized to convey fallacies in the two debates. Various speech acts appear in the data, like stating, commanding, and criticizing. In terms of rhetorical devices, the fallacy makers employ hyperbole and rhetorical questions.
Arguments, critical pragmatics, fallacy, pragmatic strategies, religious debates
A Pragmatic Study of Bullying in some Schools in Baghdad: A Comprehensive Analysis of Language Use and Power Dynamics
Bullying in educational environments is a widespread problem that is typified by aggressive actions and power disparities between people. This study explores a topic that has not gotten enough attention in the literature: the practical implications of bullying among Baghdadi students. Through the examination of data from many educational settings, the study seeks to address the following queries: Which kinds of bullying do students experience? What practical methods do students use to bully their classmates? An eclectic model was used to address these issues, and a survey of 100 randomly chosen students from seven hundred ones in various schools was administered. Of these, thirty students reported having been bullied. This investigation sheds light on the various tactics bullies use to intimidate and cause harm to their peers in educational settings. The results help create intervention tactics that are more successful in stopping bullying and fostering a more secure and encouraging learning environment in schools.
Pragmatics, bullying, Speech Acts, context, school
The Effect of ESA Model on Secondary School Student’s Achievement in English
English language has become an international language and a means of communication among people all over the world. EFL learners, particularly those who are in the earliest stages of language learning, find and face difficulties to understand spoken language and comprehending written texts. The inadequacy of traditional instructional approaches has prompted educational innovations in various places of the world. Educational innovations and renovations are necessary for education. Iraqi EFL students are less proficient and less advanced in their English language acquisition than students in neighboring countries for a variety of reasons, the primary one is the way English being taught. It appears that teachers use typical English teaching approaches, also learning is less successful when students are not emotionally invested in what is happening. One of the key goals and advantages of ESA (engage-study-activate) is the idea of involving the students. So, this study aims to show the effect of ESA model on second intermediate school students’ achievement in English. The quantitative data collected by selecting two groups randomly as experimental and control group and apply the ESA model on the experimental group. The two groups exposed for post-test to know the effect of ESA model on their achievement in English. The data analyzed by using SPSS v26 program. The results indicated that English achievement of the experimental group, which are taught by using ESA, is better than the control group, which are taught by using the traditional method.
achievement, activate, engagement, ESA, secondary school, study
American Travel Poetry: A Critical Study
This paper explores American Travel Literature broadly, with a specific focus on poetry. It provides an overview of the evolution of this genre and emphasizes the significance of spatiality, including concepts of space and place, within its framework. Travel Literature is a well-established literary genre that includes a variety of literary genres as well as humorous and serious styles ranging from the documentary to the evocative. A. Pausanias released his Description of Greece (1886), derived from his observations. It serves as the earliest example of travel poetry. Travel writing fills the gap between fact and fiction, highlighting cultural divides and the shifting aspirations and concerns of both the traveler and the reading public. It looks at several different solutions to the issues that domestic and foreign landscapes provide. Poetry is the best form of contemporary cross-national transit. Poetry is the imaginative enactment of geographic movement. For this, poetry is other than any form of literature suited to travel. Travel poets play a function in the dissemination of poetry. Many migrants and expatriates changed poetry during the early twentieth century like T. S. Eliot, Elizabeth Bishop, and Naomi Shihab Nye. Place and space play an important role in travel poetry since poets rely on the physical and imaginary places. This leaves a tangible effect on the very core of their poetic works. For poets who travel, the place becomes of spatial significance that gives meaning to their travels and the reality they experience.
travel literature, travel poetry, place, space, traveler poets
Assessment Practices in the Kindergarten Stage in Light of Professional Standards from the Perspective of Kindergarten Teachers
The study aimed to identify the assessment practices required for kindergarten teachers in light of professional standards. It also sought to determine the extent to which these standards are met in the assessment practices of kindergarten teachers. To achieve the research objectives, the descriptive-analytical approach was used, and a questionnaire was applied to a sample of 80 kindergarten teachers in the cities of Khamis Mushait and Abha. The study found that teachers demonstrated a beginner level in managing learning situations that encourage activities for expressing opinions, providing opportunities, and utilizing them for creative activities that develop critical and creative thinking in preschool children. However, the first indicator—expressing opinions in storytelling activities—showed a very high level. The study also highlighted the importance of kindergarten teachers presenting activities in an engaging and enjoyable manner with children's participation, as well as training them to listen attentively to others, which achieved an ideal level. Additionally, indicators related to teachers' ability to attract attention, encourage participation and experimentation, engage in recreational activities and competitions, and treat children without discrimination achieved a very high level.The study recommended focusing on the practical and field aspects in early childhood education curricula in a way that ensures the desired outcomes of adopting professional standards. It also emphasized the importance of preparing for field training using various methods, such as micro-teaching, observation lessons, and meetings with experienced teachers.
Assessment Practices – Kindergarten – Kindergarten Teachers – Professional Standards
Social and cultural conditions in light of the book “History of Bukhara” by Al-Narshakhi (d. 348 AH)
This research includes a study of the social and cultural conditions in Bukhara, based on an authentic source: the book "History of Bukhara" by al-Narshakhi. This book is considered an important historical book, containing valuable information about one of the most important cities in the Islamic East, Bukhara, during the era of al-Narshakhi's reign. This era was marked by the Samanid dynasty, and the rulers' interest in social, cultural, and economic aspects. Bukhara was one of the most important scientific and cultural centers, rivaling Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, as many scholars and thinkers visited it. The princes were keen to encourage and disseminate knowledge, as well as translation and authorship. The geographical location played a significant role in the diversity of social classes and groups. I used a descriptive and analytical approach to analyze the content of the book, analyzing the scientific material, and supplementing and complementing it through other sources and studies, which contained scientific material.
Bukhara, Turks, Persians, schools, mosques, al-Narshakhi