Journal of the College of Education for Women
Journal of the College of Education for Women ( JCEW) is a double-blind referred scientific quarterly journal established in 1990 by the College of Education for Women-University of Baghdad. From 1990 till 2004, the publications were only as hard copies. Since 2005 and up-to the present, the journal has started to publish its issues in two versions: hardcopy and electronic, and so it has now two international standard serial number, P-ISSN: 1680-8738 and E-ISSN: 2663-547X , respectively. It has further a deposit number of Books and Documents in Baghdad, no. (1309) in 2009. It also has a mailbox, bearing the number (47116). The journal welcomes high quality manuscripts investigating some human and social science topics related to the fields that reflect the eight departments of the College of Education for Women. These Fields include: Arabic Language English Language Quranic Studies Educational and Psychological research Research in Kindergarten Geography History Sociology Journal of the College of Education is research-oriented. It encourages submissions that incorporate theories and methodologies, and that are interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary reflecting the application of qualitative/quantitative/mixed mode paradigms and research designs. It publishes full-length original articles, papers extracted from thesis and dissertations, and review articles.The journal provides immediate open access to its contents to enhance a greater global exchange of knowledge. Moreover, articles are published with particular DOI numbers and are distributed under CC BY license.
All articles published in Journal of College of Education for Women are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
L1 Influence on Chinese Learners’ Pronunciation of English /l/ and /r/: A Phonological Study
This study investigates how first language (L1) competence influences the phonological production of English liquid consonants /l/ and /r/ among Mandarin Chinese speakers. The research adopts an experimental acoustic-phonetic design supported by auditory analysis and perceptual judgment to examine pronunciation variation. Four Mandarin-speaking postgraduate learners of English participated in controlled minimal-pair production tasks in isolated and sentence-embedded forms. Guided by Flege’s (1995) Speech Learning Model (SLM), the study analyzed the extent to which L1 phonetic categories affect the acquisition of L2 sound contrasts. Findings show that participants generally produced the /l/ sound accurately, while the /r/ sound exhibited persistent distortions and substitutions due to the absence of a distinct /r/ phoneme in Mandarin. These difficulties increased when sounds appeared in full sentence contexts, indicating heavier phonological processing demands. The results demonstrate a clear influence of L1 interference on segmental accuracy in English pronunciation. The study highlights the necessity of implementing targeted phonological instruction to support Mandarin learners in overcoming persistent difficulties with the /r/ sound.
/l/ and /r/ contrast, English liquids, L1 interference, Mandarin speakers, minimal pairs, phonological acquisition, Speech Learning Model (SLM)
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Sacred Symbolism in Ziyarat Warith: An Analytical Study of Three English Translations
Ziyarat Warith (ZW) is rightly considered a landmark in the Islamic legacy; however, it has not yet received its deserved attention in translation into English. Attempting to fill a gap in the literature, the present study examines how sacred symbolism in ZW is translated into English. Based on Tillich’s (2009) premise that symbols are an integral part of religious language, the inclusion of sacred symbolism in ZW is not accidental. Rather, it represents the archetype reflecting the Infallible Imam’s status. Therefore, it poses serious challenges for translators because of its deep connotations. This study aspires to achieve a twofold objective; firstly, to highlight the significance of sacred symbols in ZW according to Perrine's (1992), secondly, to detect how these symbols have been transferred into English. For the purposes of the study, three different translations by Ansariyan (2005), Kazmi (2014) and Qarai (2019) are examined in terms of the adopted translation strategies. Five selected extracts from ZW represent the data of study. It is hypothesized that translators will use explicitation to further clarify the original text. Qualitative analysis of the data revealed that sacred symbolism is mostly lost in translation when translators literally approached ZW. It is concluded that the complex nature of sacred symbolism demands being engaged with Shiite interpretation and exegesis to make the proper choice of translation strategy.
contextual symbols, explicitation, Imam Hussain (A.S.), religious translation, sacred symbolism, Ziyarat Warith
Lieu de Mémoire in August Wilson’s Radio Golf
In literature, places frequently serve as more than just physical settings. They actively participate in the plot of the literary text and represent the historical, social, and cultural aspects of the inhabitants who live in them. In August Wilson's Radio Golf, Ester's house and Pittsburgh's Hill District are important locations that capture the struggles and lived experiences of African Americans. Instead of being blank backgrounds, these places are storied settings that are filled with cultural heritage and memory. This paper explores the conflict between erasure and remembrance in Hill District and Aunt Ester's house. As a neighborhood on the edge of change, Hill District is portrayed in the play as being in danger of being cut off from its historical roots by gentrification and economic development plans. On the other hand, Ester's house acts as a sacred, nearly mythical place that keeps spiritual continuity and decades of African American memory. It turns into a moral compass that forces characters to face their heritage before pursuing a future aim. This paper embraces the theory of the human geographer, Yi-Fu Tuan, showing how Wilson transforms places into archives of historical value by blending resistance into physical structures. This study highlights the value of cultural preservation in the face of displacement and contributes to current academic discussions in African American geographies, memory studies, and literary urbanism. Ultimately, by focusing on the Hill District and Ester's house, Radio Golf offers a deep reflection on how a place shapes its people's identity and collective memory.
African Americans, heritage, Hill District, memory, place
Love for Nature in Jane Andrews’ short Stories: An Ecostylistic Study
Love is a beautiful and complex concept that can have many different forms. One of its forms is love of nature. This love of nature stems from a fundamental understanding of our place within the ecosystem. We as human beings see nature as a good source for healing ourselves and recharge our energy. The aim of the current study is to investigate this concept in two short stories selected from Anderws’ book The Stories Mother Nature Told Her Children from an ecostylistic perspective. It also aims to make a contribution to the domains of ecology and stylistics by demonstrating how stylistic choices can be used to transmit a certain viewpoint about love of nature. The data are analyzed according to Stibbe (2015). The analysis reveals that the writer was able to depict the natural and human worlds as being intimately entwined due to the wealth of lexical resources. Moreover, a variety of stylistic devices are effectively employed to reflect the concept of love for nature in the data under scrutiny.
ecolinguistics, ecostylistics, Jane Andrew, The Stories Mother Nature Told Her Children
Exploring Peer Teaching Practices among EFL/ESL Teachers
This This paper defines peer teaching as a teaching methodology in the context of ESL/EFL. It aims to demonstrate the relationship between the teacher and language learners in the classroom by overviewing the advantages, disadvantages, and challenges that washout peer teaching method effectively. The research study addresses Arthurson's themes, which include teaching skills, learning skills, student engagement and motivation, communication skills, preparation, and group work activities. The qualitative study hypothesizes whether or not the themes of peer teaching are statistically significant. The research instrument conducts a questionnaire on a 5-point Likert scale to diagnose the descriptive data of peer teaching themes. Sixty-five EFL teachers from the University of Baghdad, University of Tikrit, and University of Soran in Iraq responded randomly. The findings of the quantitative research are of direct practical relevance. The peer teaching method applies to teaching skills (M = 3.58, SD = 1.027) and communication skills (M = 3.53, SD = 0.967) compared to the other themes. One-way ANOVA determines the statistical significance of the mean scores in the themes of peer teaching. Given this evidence, EFL teachers can track peer teaching because of its successful teaching outcome in teaching and communication skills to create a convenient environment for student interaction. The study suggests that novice teachers need to participate in extensive training courses in the future to ensure peer-teaching experience. It is crucial to investigate the learners' viewpoints towards this teaching method to reach valuable outcomes regarding students' experiences in EFL classrooms.
communication skills, group work activities, learning skills, peer teaching, preparation, student engagement and motivation, teaching skills
The Intellectual Impact on Extremist Movements: A Case Study of The Call for Global Islamic Resistance
The book “The Call for Global Islamic Resistance” is considered one of the most significant works in the history of extremist thought, due to several characteristics, most notably its encyclopedic nature. It presents a comprehensive and ready-to-implement plan for terrorists, both individuals and groups. The book has influenced several extremist organizations, most notably and dangerously, ISIS (Daesh). Its author, Abu Musab al-Suri (Mustafa Abdul Qadir), is regarded as one of the foremost and earliest leaders of modern terrorist organizations. The book was produced following over a quarter-century of field experience. This work is considered a vital document that reveals some of the psychological factors behind the formation of violent religious extremism discourse, primarily through the concept of an eschatological worldview. As for the research methodology, qualitative content analysis was adopted, as it is one of the methods used in discursive social psychology. This approach was deemed most suitable for dealing with such an important and voluminous document.
Abu Musab al-Suri, Discursive Social Psychology, Qualitative Content Analysis
Designing a Psychological Program for Self-Management for high Schools Teachers
The present study aims to design a psychological program for self-management among high school teachers and to prepare a suitable scale for pre- and post-test assessments suitable for the local context based on the cognitive- behavioral theory for enhancing self-management skills. The researcher adopted the descriptive- analytical- constructive method. The study consisted of two main phases: the first involved preparing the initial version of the self-management scale and the second focused on designing the psychological program of self-management. A scale was prepared to measure self-management including 34 items, with five alternatives for each item (Always, Often, Sometimes, Rarely, Never), distributed on three domains: emotions, cognitions, and behaviors. The scale was subsequently administered to a sample of high school teachers in the center of Duhok Governorate to obtain its psychometric properties, including validity and reliability, ensuring its appropriateness for practical application. Furthermore, a psychological program for self-management was constructed, comprising 16 sessions in its final form, each session was 90 minutes covering the three self-management domains. The program included an introductory session and a concluding session. Each session was structured to include an introduction, specific behavioral objectives, theoretical content, practical exercises, homework assignments, and formative assessment procedures. The program content was reviewed by experts in educational and psychological sciences, and no session was omitted; all sessions got 100% agreement rate according to their feedback. The study resulted in the preparation of a valid and reliable self- management scale suitable for application, as well as the construction of a psychological program appropriate for the teachers making it ready for implementation in the local environment. Consequently, several conclusions were drawn, and a set of conclusions, suggestions and recommendations.
high Schools, Psychological Program, Self-Management
Political Transformations and Dominant Symbols in Contemporary Iraq: A study in political anthropology
This research aims to study "political transformations and dominant symbols in Iraq" by clarifying the impact of these transformations on the production or reinforcement of certain symbols at the expense of others. "Hegemony" refers to the influence that these symbols wield and acquire through power over a reinforced social capital. This seeks to answer the central question: What contexts enable a particular symbol to exert influence and dominance in society? The study relied on the (night and day) approach of the anthropologist Gilbert Durand, which is based on a symbolic triad that dominates society, namely: (the warrior, the clergyman or priest, the peasant). The study demonstrates its conformity to Iraq in its political and social transformations from the establishment of the state in 1921 until 2003. The study was based on the method of historical tracking based on recalling a group of incidents accompanying the political transformations and their contexts, and demonstrating their tools and procedures that express the influence of one of the social symbols. The study revealed that the rise of a symbol is reinforced by the authority of the state through laws and procedures that increase its influence in society. Symbolism arises within social and political conditions that enable the state to exert its influence and represent the dominant force in politics and society. The study concludes that political and social transformations must be interpreted in light of dominant elements that represent the power and influence of authority, whether through force (the warrior), containment (the religious figure), or sustenance (the peasant).
cleric, peasant, social symbols, warrior
The Role of Social Work in Raising Environmental Awareness of the Risks of Climate Change
The research discusses the role of social services in raising environmental awareness of the negative impacts of various climatic and environmental phenomena on the Earth and all its inhabitants, and seeks to enhance environmental awareness among the population by demonstrating the role of social services in reducing catastrophic environmental phenomena and working to achieve environmental sustainability. The research focuses on demonstrating the role of green social services in confronting climate change problems and maintaining environmental sustainability, while clarifying the relationship between the environment and humans in light of climate change. To work on understanding the relationship between the environment and society in light of contemporary societal changes, the researcher conducted a field study to know the real role of the social service profession in the climatic nature of society. The field aspect was represented by distributing (200) questionnaire forms in Baghdad Governorate to social specialists and environmental specialists whose opinions were discussed, and a question was raised about the role of social service in developing environmental awareness of the dangers of climate change in Iraq. The study reached many results, including that social service has a clear role in developing environmental awareness in terms of protecting it and preventing it from loss, pollution and waste, and it is one of the important roles that social specialists have begun to focus on and that it is one of the professions with close contact with humans, as the specialist deals directly with humans and the environment.
Environmental social service, environmental awareness, climate change risks.
Silence in the pre-Islamic and early Islamic eras
Ancient poetry has been the focus of attention of writers and critics, both ancient and modern, as an inexhaustible sea of ​​​​giving and endless pearls. Therefore, it was rich in literary and rhetorical arts. Silence occupied a large space within it, due to its ability to soothe the soul with the fewest words and shortest phrases. Poets resorted to it to express the turmoil in their minds and the worries and pain, or joy and happiness contained within their souls, and because of its potential for complaint and containing feelings Containing feelings, inclining hearts, and sharpening the recipient’s enthusiasm to make him a part of the emotional experience that the poet depicts in his poetry. The research addressed the concept of silence and how it formed a clear feature in the poetry of poets in the pre-Islamic and early Islamic eras, and how they were able to use it to express their various and diverse feelings and emotions through their silence and the use of its techniques of gestures and body language, in addition to the monument that speaks for itself without an intermediary.
Beauty, Crying, Early Islam, Pre-Islamic Era, Silence
Digital education and developing awareness of electronic risks from a social service perspective (Field study in the city of Baqubah)
The current research aims to identify what digital education is, and diagnose the challenges it faces in the process of developing awareness of electronic risks, as well as knowing digital ethics and its importance in building a healthy digital society, and employing the fields of the social work profession in raising levels of awareness of electronic risks among students. This research is one of Descriptive and analytical research that relies on the use of the social survey method using a purposive sample method that reached (200) respondents from male and female teachers working within the secondary staff in the General Directorate of Education of Diyala Governorate in the district of Baqubah and its environs. The researcher intended to build a scale (digital education and awareness of electronic risks), which It consists of (30) items distributed equally among three areas, after the form was subjected to the necessary statistical tests to verify its ability to measure what it was designed for. The research concluded that there are statistically significant differences between the areas of digital education and its role in developing awareness of electronic risks, The general trend of the respondents, each within their educational specialization, towards employing social service roles in developing awareness of electronic risks through interest in digital education was moderate.
awareness, digitization, education, risks
A Critical Pragmatic Study of Fallacy in Religious Debates
A fallacy is a kind of faulty reasoning that undermines the credibility of an argument on a logical level and paves the way for the argument to be exposed as being invalid. It is a flaw in reasoning that contravenes one or more of the five main criteria of a good argument. These criteria encompass the argument’s structure, relevance, acceptance, sufficiency, and rebuttal. It is argued that fallacies abound in debates, especially in religious ones. This paper examines this negative issue in terms of the critical pragmatic approach. It addresses the following questions: What are the types of fallacies that are made in religious debates? What are the pragmatic strategies used to convey fallacies in the data under study? This research analyzes two religious debates to answer these questions. The first is between a Muslim and an atheist figure, while the second is between a Christian and an atheist. This study utilizes Damer’s (2013) classification of fallacies as well as Searle’s theory (1976) and Grice’s Maxims (1975). A variety of conclusions have been reached. Firstly, the fallacy makers employ different types of fallacies to win the argument; they employ the fallacies of elusive normative premise, wrong reasoning, and ignoring the counter-evidence. Secondly, similar pragmatic strategies are utilized to convey fallacies in the two debates. Various speech acts appear in the data, like stating, commanding, and criticizing. In terms of rhetorical devices, the fallacy makers employ hyperbole and rhetorical questions.
Arguments, critical pragmatics, fallacy, pragmatic strategies, religious debates
A Pragmatic Study of Bullying in some Schools in Baghdad: A Comprehensive Analysis of Language Use and Power Dynamics
Bullying in educational environments is a widespread problem that is typified by aggressive actions and power disparities between people. This study explores a topic that has not gotten enough attention in the literature: the practical implications of bullying among Baghdadi students. Through the examination of data from many educational settings, the study seeks to address the following queries: Which kinds of bullying do students experience? What practical methods do students use to bully their classmates? An eclectic model was used to address these issues, and a survey of 100 randomly chosen students from seven hundred ones in various schools was administered. Of these, thirty students reported having been bullied. This investigation sheds light on the various tactics bullies use to intimidate and cause harm to their peers in educational settings. The results help create intervention tactics that are more successful in stopping bullying and fostering a more secure and encouraging learning environment in schools.
Pragmatics, bullying, Speech Acts, context, school
The Effect of ESA Model on Secondary School Student’s Achievement in English
English language has become an international language and a means of communication among people all over the world. EFL learners, particularly those who are in the earliest stages of language learning, find and face difficulties to understand spoken language and comprehending written texts. The inadequacy of traditional instructional approaches has prompted educational innovations in various places of the world. Educational innovations and renovations are necessary for education. Iraqi EFL students are less proficient and less advanced in their English language acquisition than students in neighboring countries for a variety of reasons, the primary one is the way English being taught. It appears that teachers use typical English teaching approaches, also learning is less successful when students are not emotionally invested in what is happening. One of the key goals and advantages of ESA (engage-study-activate) is the idea of involving the students. So, this study aims to show the effect of ESA model on second intermediate school students’ achievement in English. The quantitative data collected by selecting two groups randomly as experimental and control group and apply the ESA model on the experimental group. The two groups exposed for post-test to know the effect of ESA model on their achievement in English. The data analyzed by using SPSS v26 program. The results indicated that English achievement of the experimental group, which are taught by using ESA, is better than the control group, which are taught by using the traditional method.
achievement, activate, engagement, ESA, secondary school, study
American Travel Poetry: A Critical Study
This paper explores American Travel Literature broadly, with a specific focus on poetry. It provides an overview of the evolution of this genre and emphasizes the significance of spatiality, including concepts of space and place, within its framework. Travel Literature is a well-established literary genre that includes a variety of literary genres as well as humorous and serious styles ranging from the documentary to the evocative. A. Pausanias released his Description of Greece (1886), derived from his observations. It serves as the earliest example of travel poetry. Travel writing fills the gap between fact and fiction, highlighting cultural divides and the shifting aspirations and concerns of both the traveler and the reading public. It looks at several different solutions to the issues that domestic and foreign landscapes provide. Poetry is the best form of contemporary cross-national transit. Poetry is the imaginative enactment of geographic movement. For this, poetry is other than any form of literature suited to travel. Travel poets play a function in the dissemination of poetry. Many migrants and expatriates changed poetry during the early twentieth century like T. S. Eliot, Elizabeth Bishop, and Naomi Shihab Nye. Place and space play an important role in travel poetry since poets rely on the physical and imaginary places. This leaves a tangible effect on the very core of their poetic works. For poets who travel, the place becomes of spatial significance that gives meaning to their travels and the reality they experience.
travel literature, travel poetry, place, space, traveler poets
Assessment Practices in the Kindergarten Stage in Light of Professional Standards from the Perspective of Kindergarten Teachers
The study aimed to identify the assessment practices required for kindergarten teachers in light of professional standards. It also sought to determine the extent to which these standards are met in the assessment practices of kindergarten teachers. To achieve the research objectives, the descriptive-analytical approach was used, and a questionnaire was applied to a sample of 80 kindergarten teachers in the cities of Khamis Mushait and Abha. The study found that teachers demonstrated a beginner level in managing learning situations that encourage activities for expressing opinions, providing opportunities, and utilizing them for creative activities that develop critical and creative thinking in preschool children. However, the first indicator—expressing opinions in storytelling activities—showed a very high level. The study also highlighted the importance of kindergarten teachers presenting activities in an engaging and enjoyable manner with children's participation, as well as training them to listen attentively to others, which achieved an ideal level. Additionally, indicators related to teachers' ability to attract attention, encourage participation and experimentation, engage in recreational activities and competitions, and treat children without discrimination achieved a very high level.The study recommended focusing on the practical and field aspects in early childhood education curricula in a way that ensures the desired outcomes of adopting professional standards. It also emphasized the importance of preparing for field training using various methods, such as micro-teaching, observation lessons, and meetings with experienced teachers.
Assessment Practices – Kindergarten – Kindergarten Teachers – Professional Standards
Social and cultural conditions in light of the book “History of Bukhara” by Al-Narshakhi (d. 348 AH)
This research includes a study of the social and cultural conditions in Bukhara, based on an authentic source: the book "History of Bukhara" by al-Narshakhi. This book is considered an important historical book, containing valuable information about one of the most important cities in the Islamic East, Bukhara, during the era of al-Narshakhi's reign. This era was marked by the Samanid dynasty, and the rulers' interest in social, cultural, and economic aspects. Bukhara was one of the most important scientific and cultural centers, rivaling Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, as many scholars and thinkers visited it. The princes were keen to encourage and disseminate knowledge, as well as translation and authorship. The geographical location played a significant role in the diversity of social classes and groups. I used a descriptive and analytical approach to analyze the content of the book, analyzing the scientific material, and supplementing and complementing it through other sources and studies, which contained scientific material.
Bukhara, Turks, Persians, schools, mosques, al-Narshakhi
Internal conflicts and disputes in Sudan and their geopolitical dimensions
The research is a descriptive one, and it focused on studying the internal conflicts in the Republic of Sudan and their effect on the security and stability of the state. The ethnic diversity and tribal extension of the Republic of Sudan with its geographical neighboring countries constituted a factor of weakness in its geopolitical weight, which affects its internal stability, it leads the intervention of Neighboring countries in the politics and affairs of the Republic of Sudan, and the richness of the Republic with mineral resources makes it subject to the ambitions of foreign powers. Sudan is considered one of the richest African countries through its enormous natural resources, especially mineral resources such as oil, uranium, gold and copper, in addition to forest wealth and livestock. The large area and the nature of the terrain make it difficult for the Sudanese government to control the troubled regions, such as the Darfur region, and the separational movements fueled and supported by regional factors represented by neighboring countries such as the separation of South Sudan from the mother Sudan, in order to destabilize the security and stability of the state. One of the most important conclusions of the research is the continued interference of external powers in the internal affairs of the State of Sudan, which always seeks to increase ethnic conflicts and unrest within it to make it a weak state in order to achieve geopolitical goals in a way that serves the interests of external powers to work on exploiting the natural resources of the State of Sudan.
conflicts, geopolitics, internal disputes
Compulsive Shopping Disorder (Oniomania) and its Relationship to Self-Esteem among Male and Female Employees in Hebron City
The study aimed to examine compulsive shopping disorder (oniomania) and its relationship with self-esteem among employees in the city of Hebron, both male and female. To achieve this, the researchers used a questionnaire as the study method to collect data. The study used the self-esteem scale developed by Rashmawi (2013) and the compulsive shopping disorder scale as defined by Moon (2019). After identifying 152 employees who met the criteria for compulsive shopping disorder from all employees for the year 2023, they were selected randomly. According to the results of the study, the motives for shopping among the sample ranged from compulsive (impulsive) to recreational. The results also showed that, from their perspective, employees with compulsive shopping disorder in Hebron had modest self-esteem. Moreover, the study found a statistically significant negative correlation between self-esteem levels among employees in Hebron and compulsive shopping disorder. The results also indicated a relationship between compulsive shopping disorder and self-esteem among employees in the city of Hebron, with self-esteem affecting compulsive shopping disorder. Based on these results, the study provided a set of recommendations, the most important of which were: increasing awareness about shopping behavior and planning for it, through holding seminars and training courses for employees, in light of the significant degree of compulsive shopping disorder observed among the respondents.
compulsive shopping disorder, employee, Hebron city, oniomania, self-esteem,
Volunteer Work Culture and the Formation of Social Capital Among Youth: A Field Study in Erbil City
The study tried to reveal the impact of youth participation in volunteer activities on the formation of social capital values to them. It relied on the descriptive approach and on more than one tool in collecting its data; (interview, observation, focus discussion), and the application of the study is in Erbil Governorate. The study relied on a sample of young volunteers; 49 young people participating in volunteer work, and 10 young volunteers from different social and institutional backgrounds to benefit from their opinions and experiences in enriching field study. The results of the study revealed that participation in volunteer work plays an important role in building trust among youth and among youth and society. When young people participate in volunteer activities, they learn how to collaborate with others and build positive relationships with them, which contributes to building trust between them and the community. Also, volunteering brings youth to new skills and enable them to make a positive impact in society. The study concluded that there is a positiv relationship between the values of social capital and the trend towards volunteering, as it shows that youth possess high values of social capital due to participating in volunteering. So, institutions can work to promote the values of social capital among young people by organizing awareness and educational programs aimed at enhancing trust, cooperation and social participation. This can contribute to increasing the participation of youth in volunteerism and enhancing their positive role in society.
Culture, volunteering, youth, social capital
Pragmatics of Gaslighting in Gillian Flynn’s Gone Girl
Gaslighting is not a linguistic concept per se. Rather, it is a psychological manipulative tactic employed to affect self-esteem, generally speaking. This concept has sufficiently been treated within psychology, in the first place, along with sociology and medicine. Yet, very few linguistic studies have been conducted in this regard. Accordingly, this represents a gap in this field, in general, and pragmatics, in particular, the issue which this study aspires to handle. Using a qualitative approach, the paper aims to investigate the pragmatic strategies which realize gaslighting in the data taken purposefully from the novel entitled Gone Girl by Gillian Flynn. The significance of the study resides in shedding light on one of the hidden manifestations of hate speech which has, unfortunately, been invasive recently owing to the boom of technology. Among the most important conclusions is that gaslighting can be practiced on everyone without being aware of it. This can be of special importance in the age of adulthood of teenagers whose personality has not been fully shaped. That is why they can be a very good target for disseminating certain concepts through gaslighting. That’s why this concept should be given its due attention with the edificatory lectures on hate speech as it is a very risky strategy employed to achieve certain aims.
gaslighting, lies, love bombing, name-calling
A Functional Cognitive Stylistic Study of Online Horoscopes Predictions
The present study mainly investigates the linguistic choices used in daily horoscope predictions that attract the attention of readers globally. It employs a functional cognitive stylistic approach to analyze the language of horoscopes, concentrating on how linguistic structures shape meaning and reader interpretation. The primary objectives are to explore how functional cognitive stylistics improves the understanding of language use in horoscopes. The study adopts a qualitative eclectic model that integrates functional cognitive stylistics to achieve these goals. It adopts the tools of functional stylistics, particularly textual metafunctions (Halliday & Matthiessen, 2014), Moreover, it applies Schema Theory to explore how readers' pre-existing knowledge impacts their understanding, and Figure-Ground Theory (Stockwell, 2020) examines the emphasis on specific elements to guide focus while textual metafunctions establish discourse by structuring information flow, enhancing readability, and supporting key ideas within the horoscope predictions. Daily horoscope predictions published on Vogue India's website is the target of the study. The findings show that horoscopes capture attention and support important concepts through vague but captivating language. The language of horoscopes contains crucial cues that activates readers’ schema
daily horoscopes, cognitive stylistics, functional stylistics, schema
An Evaluation of English-Medium Instruction Program in Secondary Schools for Distinguished Students
The study aims to identify the level of agreement in using English as a medium of instruction according to study sample responses to the Context, Input, Process, and Product model questionnaire and evaluate the English as a medium of instruction program in secondary schools for distinguished students by the study sample according to the CIPP questionnaire items. The descriptive quantitative study included 109 teachers who actively attended the program in Iraq during the 2023–2024 academic year. To achieve the aims of this study, a five-point Likert scale questionnaire with 47 items based on Stufflebeam's (2015) CIPP model was prepared, validated, and administered to the participants in person and online. The data has been analyzed using SPSS. The findings have revealed that the teachers generally evaluated many aspects of the program positively. For example, the context of the course book prepares students scientifically and linguistically for their future. However, the study also revealed that (EMI) implementation poses challenges for teachers and students, including the absence of specific guidelines for EMI implementation and teachers' in-service training.
CIPP model, English-Medium Instruction EMI, Evaluation, Secondary Schools for Distinguished Students, Stufflebeam
Hermeneutical Manifestations of Hijabphobia in Mohja Kahf's Selected Poems
The term Hijabphobia is one of the forms of discourse that is founded on painful racial and religious discrimination against women who wear hijab, and it has received the attention of researchers, scholars, and poets. The study is centered on tracing the notion and its effects according to the theory of the German philosopher Wilhelm Dilthey in Hermeneutics, where the poems are selected from the collection of the poet Mohja Kahf's E-mails from Scheherazad. In addition to emphasizing the fact that women who wear hijab have a right to do so, this mission merits investigating potential explanations for this discourse and pinpointing potential causes. This paper will help to shed light on the systematic discourse that is directed against hijab.
Hijabphobia, lived experience, Hermeneutics, Muslim women
Evaluating the book of sentences and activities for kindergarten children from the point of view of female teachers in the city of Baghdad
The current study aimed to identify the evaluation of the book of experiences and activities for kindergarten children from the point of view of female teachers of the First Rusafa Education Directorate / Baghdad, and in light of the variables (educational qualification, number of years of service, the research sample consisted of (100) kindergarten teachers, the research followed the method Descriptive, the researcher used a questionnaire as a tool for data collection, which included (32) items distributed from four fields. Under each field, there are paragraphs related to that field, which are (educational objectives, content, educational strategies and means, artistic direction). Cronbach, mean, standard deviation, frequencies, percentage, t-test and analysis of variance The results of the study showed the following: Kindergarten teachers' assessments came with a moderate degree in the field of (strategies and teaching aids, and in the field of content), and they came with a high degree of appreciation in the field of (educational goals and the field of artistic direction). And there are no statistically significant differences at a significant level (0.05) between the means of evaluating the book of experiences and activities for kindergarten children from the point of view of female teachers according to the variable (educational qualification and years of service).
calendar, book of activities and experiences for kindergarten children
A Suggested Instructional Guide for Patients with Vagus Nerve Inflammation
Diseases are one of the major challenges facing all societies, which must be treated and united for the development of these societies. Medical clinics and counseling centers must deal carefully with patients, especially those with complex diseases such as vagus nerve inflammation. The difficulty of bearing the costs of medications and the scarcity or high cost of some of the treatments and medications necessary for these diseases. Many images that translate to the psychological and social problems of individuals, which have become clear and numerous, in addition to that, the scarcity of specialist doctors in neurological diseases and the difficulty of reaching them at any time or any place, where neurologist clinics are filled with patients. The researchers found it necessary to develop a guide that helps the patient recover with simple and clear steps. It included 10 lists, each list having specific content: Definitions and meanings of the guide's terms. Goals, visions, message, and philosophy of the guide and the need for it. How the guide is applied. Definition of the disease. Diagnosis of vagus nerve inflammation. Clinical laboratory examination procedures. Clinical (laboratory) examination: Head-up tilting table. Treatment of vagus nerve inflammation. Things the patient must adhere to. Things the patient must avoid. It obtained the approval of (20) experts in the field of guidance, and was applied to (25) patients with vagus nerve inflammation and their (36) companions at Al-Tariq Clinic Hay Al-Jamaa in Baghdad. The researchers put forward some recommendations and suggestions, including the preparation of a guide for diseases of the peripheral nervous system.
Instructional Guide, vagus nerve, vagus nerve patient
International Migration and "the New Berlin Walls"
The refugee crisis and the increasing of the international migration towards the developed countries represented by the European Union, the United States of America and Australia have created many problems and the reappearing walls again after 30 years since of the most famous wall collapse in the last century, i.e. the fall of Berlin Wall separating East Germany, West Germany. This research discusses the viewpoints in which different opinions support and oppose building walls by reviewing viewpoints and identifying motivations and reasons for both parties and assessing the effectiveness of border walls by analyzing concerns for illegal immigration. The effectiveness of legitimacy and its future consequences, historical studies have shown that the walls were constructed earlier limited, it has proven to be a complete failure, along with the ideology that supported those walls, and shows limited effectiveness. The walls are currently in place because of the many illegal immigration methods used by smugglers in finding routes and new possibilities for smuggling despite the technical and technological development of border control by developed countries. As, the research is based on the events that the world is witnessing today, including climate change and conflicts over water energy and other resources, this will lead to an increase in the volume of migration and greater displacement to low-lying countries and average incomes in the coming years, which will double the challenges of managing borders
International migration, Illegal immigration, Border walls
The positive and negative effects of technology on children’s cognitive development from the perspective of their teachers
The current research aims to identify the positive and negative effects of technology on the cognitive development of children from the point of view of their teachers, and to identify statistically significant differences in the positive and negative effects of technology on the cognitive development of children from the point of view of their teachers, depending on the gender variable (males, females), and to achieve my goal. For the research, a stratified random sample of (400) male and female teachers was chosen, distributed into (200) male and (200) male teachers, then a tool was prepared consisting of (15) items formulated in the style of self-report/declarative statements. The researchers verified the apparent validity of the scale and calculated its reliability. In the method of application and re-application, the Facronbach equation was also used, and the reliability coefficient values ​​were good compared to previous studies. The results of the research showed positive effects of the scale’s items, with (9) items, while (6) items appeared with negative effects on children’s cognitive development. The result of the second objective was the presence of statistically significant differences between male and female teachers in the negative effects, as the female teachers were more conservative. On the use of modern technology due to its negative effects, male and female teachers agreed on some of the others, and the two researchers came up with a set of recommendations and proposals in light of the research results
positive effects, negative effects, children’s cognitive development, technology
The Ecology of the University and its Effect on Building the Personaliy of the Iraqi Child (A Field Anthropological Research- The Kindergarten of the College of Education for Women- University of Baghdad)
The research aims to investigate the role of the university in building the child's personality according to the opinions of a sample of teachers in the Applied Kindergarten’s workshop at the College of Education for Women, University of Baghdad. The researcher uses the descriptive approach and the case study approach presenting several questions including knowing the most prominent methods and practices followed by teachers of the Applied Kindergarten’s workshop, as well as the effect of educational programs in building the child's personality that is in line with the cultural and social needs of children, in addition to its richness in cultural variables which made it a suitable spatial and human field of study. The researcher conducted a field study in this place for about nine months, during which she was able to investigate and learn many facts related to the research problem by conducting various interviews with teachers and participating with them in some of the activities they practice with children, which led to several results and conclusions, the most prominent of these conclusions were: Most teachers constantly provide guidance and advice to children and their parents, as there is a strong relationship between families and the institution to solve some of the problems related to them. The university's role in building the child's personality has a positive effect by providing conditions that are characterized by an educational and entertaining nature. The teachers of the Applied Kindergarten’s workshop are the main pillar in forming the child's personality. The Applied Kindergarten’s workshop provides many educational programs that are in line with the children's cultural and social needs, such as entertaining programs including music, drawing, and games and educational programs such as teaching them the alphabet and reading the Qur'an, etc.
ecology, personality, socialization, kindergarten child
Level of digital citizenship among Palestinian university students