Journal of the College of Education for Women
Journal of the College of Education for Women ( JCEW) is a double-blind referred scientific quarterly journal established in 1990 by the College of Education for Women-University of Baghdad. From 1990 till 2004, the publications were only as hard copies. Since 2005 and up-to the present, the journal has started to publish its issues in two versions: hardcopy and electronic, and so it has now two international standard serial number, P-ISSN: 1680-8738 and E-ISSN: 2663-547X , respectively. It has further a deposit number of Books and Documents in Baghdad, no. (1309) in 2009. It also has a mailbox, bearing the number (47116). The journal welcomes high quality manuscripts investigating some human and social science topics related to the fields that reflect the eight departments of the College of Education for Women. These Fields include: Arabic Language English Language Quranic Studies Educational and Psychological research Research in Kindergarten Geography History Sociology Journal of the College of Education is research-oriented. It encourages submissions that incorporate theories and methodologies, and that are interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary reflecting the application of qualitative/quantitative/mixed mode paradigms and research designs. It publishes full-length original articles, papers extracted from thesis and dissertations, and review articles.The journal provides immediate open access to its contents to enhance a greater global exchange of knowledge. Moreover, articles are published with particular DOI numbers and are distributed under CC BY license.
All articles published in Journal of College of Education for Women are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Digital education and developing awareness of electronic risks from a social service perspective (Field study in the city of Baqubah)
The current research aims to identify what digital education is, and diagnose the challenges it faces in the process of developing awareness of electronic risks, as well as knowing digital ethics and its importance in building a healthy digital society, and employing the fields of the social work profession in raising levels of awareness of electronic risks among students. This research is one of Descriptive and analytical research that relies on the use of the social survey method using a purposive sample method that reached (200) respondents from male and female teachers working within the secondary staff in the General Directorate of Education of Diyala Governorate in the district of Baqubah and its environs. The researcher intended to build a scale (digital education and awareness of electronic risks), which It consists of (30) items distributed equally among three areas, after the form was subjected to the necessary statistical tests to verify its ability to measure what it was designed for. The research concluded that there are statistically significant differences between the areas of digital education and its role in developing awareness of electronic risks, The general trend of the respondents, each within their educational specialization, towards employing social service roles in developing awareness of electronic risks through interest in digital education was moderate.
awareness, digitization, education, risks
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of the College of Education for Women
A Critical Pragmatic Study of Fallacy in Religious Debates
A fallacy is a kind of faulty reasoning that undermines the credibility of an argument on a logical level and paves the way for the argument to be exposed as being invalid. It is a flaw in reasoning that contravenes one or more of the five main criteria of a good argument. These criteria encompass the argument’s structure, relevance, acceptance, sufficiency, and rebuttal. It is argued that fallacies abound in debates, especially in religious ones. This paper examines this negative issue in terms of the critical pragmatic approach. It addresses the following questions: What are the types of fallacies that are made in religious debates? What are the pragmatic strategies used to convey fallacies in the data under study? This research analyzes two religious debates to answer these questions. The first is between a Muslim and an atheist figure, while the second is between a Christian and an atheist. This study utilizes Damer’s (2013) classification of fallacies as well as Searle’s theory (1976) and Grice’s Maxims (1975). A variety of conclusions have been reached. Firstly, the fallacy makers employ different types of fallacies to win the argument; they employ the fallacies of elusive normative premise, wrong reasoning, and ignoring the counter-evidence. Secondly, similar pragmatic strategies are utilized to convey fallacies in the two debates. Various speech acts appear in the data, like stating, commanding, and criticizing. In terms of rhetorical devices, the fallacy makers employ hyperbole and rhetorical questions.
Arguments, critical pragmatics, fallacy, pragmatic strategies, religious debates
A Pragmatic Study of Bullying in some Schools in Baghdad: A Comprehensive Analysis of Language Use and Power Dynamics
Bullying in educational environments is a widespread problem that is typified by aggressive actions and power disparities between people. This study explores a topic that has not gotten enough attention in the literature: the practical implications of bullying among Baghdadi students. Through the examination of data from many educational settings, the study seeks to address the following queries: Which kinds of bullying do students experience? What practical methods do students use to bully their classmates? An eclectic model was used to address these issues, and a survey of 100 randomly chosen students from seven hundred ones in various schools was administered. Of these, thirty students reported having been bullied. This investigation sheds light on the various tactics bullies use to intimidate and cause harm to their peers in educational settings. The results help create intervention tactics that are more successful in stopping bullying and fostering a more secure and encouraging learning environment in schools.
Pragmatics, bullying, Speech Acts, context, school
The Effect of ESA Model on Secondary School Student’s Achievement in English
English language has become an international language and a means of communication among people all over the world. EFL learners, particularly those who are in the earliest stages of language learning, find and face difficulties to understand spoken language and comprehending written texts. The inadequacy of traditional instructional approaches has prompted educational innovations in various places of the world. Educational innovations and renovations are necessary for education. Iraqi EFL students are less proficient and less advanced in their English language acquisition than students in neighboring countries for a variety of reasons, the primary one is the way English being taught. It appears that teachers use typical English teaching approaches, also learning is less successful when students are not emotionally invested in what is happening. One of the key goals and advantages of ESA (engage-study-activate) is the idea of involving the students. So, this study aims to show the effect of ESA model on second intermediate school students’ achievement in English. The quantitative data collected by selecting two groups randomly as experimental and control group and apply the ESA model on the experimental group. The two groups exposed for post-test to know the effect of ESA model on their achievement in English. The data analyzed by using SPSS v26 program. The results indicated that English achievement of the experimental group, which are taught by using ESA, is better than the control group, which are taught by using the traditional method.
achievement, activate, engagement, ESA, secondary school, study
American Travel Poetry: A Critical Study
This paper explores American Travel Literature broadly, with a specific focus on poetry. It provides an overview of the evolution of this genre and emphasizes the significance of spatiality, including concepts of space and place, within its framework. Travel Literature is a well-established literary genre that includes a variety of literary genres as well as humorous and serious styles ranging from the documentary to the evocative. A. Pausanias released his Description of Greece (1886), derived from his observations. It serves as the earliest example of travel poetry. Travel writing fills the gap between fact and fiction, highlighting cultural divides and the shifting aspirations and concerns of both the traveler and the reading public. It looks at several different solutions to the issues that domestic and foreign landscapes provide. Poetry is the best form of contemporary cross-national transit. Poetry is the imaginative enactment of geographic movement. For this, poetry is other than any form of literature suited to travel. Travel poets play a function in the dissemination of poetry. Many migrants and expatriates changed poetry during the early twentieth century like T. S. Eliot, Elizabeth Bishop, and Naomi Shihab Nye. Place and space play an important role in travel poetry since poets rely on the physical and imaginary places. This leaves a tangible effect on the very core of their poetic works. For poets who travel, the place becomes of spatial significance that gives meaning to their travels and the reality they experience.
travel literature, travel poetry, place, space, traveler poets
Assessment Practices in the Kindergarten Stage in Light of Professional Standards from the Perspective of Kindergarten Teachers
The study aimed to identify the assessment practices required for kindergarten teachers in light of professional standards. It also sought to determine the extent to which these standards are met in the assessment practices of kindergarten teachers. To achieve the research objectives, the descriptive-analytical approach was used, and a questionnaire was applied to a sample of 80 kindergarten teachers in the cities of Khamis Mushait and Abha. The study found that teachers demonstrated a beginner level in managing learning situations that encourage activities for expressing opinions, providing opportunities, and utilizing them for creative activities that develop critical and creative thinking in preschool children. However, the first indicator—expressing opinions in storytelling activities—showed a very high level. The study also highlighted the importance of kindergarten teachers presenting activities in an engaging and enjoyable manner with children's participation, as well as training them to listen attentively to others, which achieved an ideal level. Additionally, indicators related to teachers' ability to attract attention, encourage participation and experimentation, engage in recreational activities and competitions, and treat children without discrimination achieved a very high level.The study recommended focusing on the practical and field aspects in early childhood education curricula in a way that ensures the desired outcomes of adopting professional standards. It also emphasized the importance of preparing for field training using various methods, such as micro-teaching, observation lessons, and meetings with experienced teachers.
Assessment Practices – Kindergarten – Kindergarten Teachers – Professional Standards
Social and cultural conditions in light of the book “History of Bukhara” by Al-Narshakhi (d. 348 AH)
This research includes a study of the social and cultural conditions in Bukhara, based on an authentic source: the book "History of Bukhara" by al-Narshakhi. This book is considered an important historical book, containing valuable information about one of the most important cities in the Islamic East, Bukhara, during the era of al-Narshakhi's reign. This era was marked by the Samanid dynasty, and the rulers' interest in social, cultural, and economic aspects. Bukhara was one of the most important scientific and cultural centers, rivaling Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, as many scholars and thinkers visited it. The princes were keen to encourage and disseminate knowledge, as well as translation and authorship. The geographical location played a significant role in the diversity of social classes and groups. I used a descriptive and analytical approach to analyze the content of the book, analyzing the scientific material, and supplementing and complementing it through other sources and studies, which contained scientific material.
Bukhara, Turks, Persians, schools, mosques, al-Narshakhi
Internal conflicts and disputes in Sudan and their geopolitical dimensions
The research is a descriptive one, and it focused on studying the internal conflicts in the Republic of Sudan and their effect on the security and stability of the state. The ethnic diversity and tribal extension of the Republic of Sudan with its geographical neighboring countries constituted a factor of weakness in its geopolitical weight, which affects its internal stability, it leads the intervention of Neighboring countries in the politics and affairs of the Republic of Sudan, and the richness of the Republic with mineral resources makes it subject to the ambitions of foreign powers. Sudan is considered one of the richest African countries through its enormous natural resources, especially mineral resources such as oil, uranium, gold and copper, in addition to forest wealth and livestock. The large area and the nature of the terrain make it difficult for the Sudanese government to control the troubled regions, such as the Darfur region, and the separational movements fueled and supported by regional factors represented by neighboring countries such as the separation of South Sudan from the mother Sudan, in order to destabilize the security and stability of the state. One of the most important conclusions of the research is the continued interference of external powers in the internal affairs of the State of Sudan, which always seeks to increase ethnic conflicts and unrest within it to make it a weak state in order to achieve geopolitical goals in a way that serves the interests of external powers to work on exploiting the natural resources of the State of Sudan.
conflicts, geopolitics, internal disputes
Compulsive Shopping Disorder (Oniomania) and its Relationship to Self-Esteem among Male and Female Employees in Hebron City
The study aimed to examine compulsive shopping disorder (oniomania) and its relationship with self-esteem among employees in the city of Hebron, both male and female. To achieve this, the researchers used a questionnaire as the study method to collect data. The study used the self-esteem scale developed by Rashmawi (2013) and the compulsive shopping disorder scale as defined by Moon (2019). After identifying 152 employees who met the criteria for compulsive shopping disorder from all employees for the year 2023, they were selected randomly. According to the results of the study, the motives for shopping among the sample ranged from compulsive (impulsive) to recreational. The results also showed that, from their perspective, employees with compulsive shopping disorder in Hebron had modest self-esteem. Moreover, the study found a statistically significant negative correlation between self-esteem levels among employees in Hebron and compulsive shopping disorder. The results also indicated a relationship between compulsive shopping disorder and self-esteem among employees in the city of Hebron, with self-esteem affecting compulsive shopping disorder. Based on these results, the study provided a set of recommendations, the most important of which were: increasing awareness about shopping behavior and planning for it, through holding seminars and training courses for employees, in light of the significant degree of compulsive shopping disorder observed among the respondents.
compulsive shopping disorder, employee, Hebron city, oniomania, self-esteem,
Volunteer Work Culture and the Formation of Social Capital Among Youth: A Field Study in Erbil City
The study tried to reveal the impact of youth participation in volunteer activities on the formation of social capital values to them. It relied on the descriptive approach and on more than one tool in collecting its data; (interview, observation, focus discussion), and the application of the study is in Erbil Governorate. The study relied on a sample of young volunteers; 49 young people participating in volunteer work, and 10 young volunteers from different social and institutional backgrounds to benefit from their opinions and experiences in enriching field study. The results of the study revealed that participation in volunteer work plays an important role in building trust among youth and among youth and society. When young people participate in volunteer activities, they learn how to collaborate with others and build positive relationships with them, which contributes to building trust between them and the community. Also, volunteering brings youth to new skills and enable them to make a positive impact in society. The study concluded that there is a positiv relationship between the values of social capital and the trend towards volunteering, as it shows that youth possess high values of social capital due to participating in volunteering. So, institutions can work to promote the values of social capital among young people by organizing awareness and educational programs aimed at enhancing trust, cooperation and social participation. This can contribute to increasing the participation of youth in volunteerism and enhancing their positive role in society.
Culture, volunteering, youth, social capital
Pragmatics of Gaslighting in Gillian Flynn’s Gone Girl
Gaslighting is not a linguistic concept per se. Rather, it is a psychological manipulative tactic employed to affect self-esteem, generally speaking. This concept has sufficiently been treated within psychology, in the first place, along with sociology and medicine. Yet, very few linguistic studies have been conducted in this regard. Accordingly, this represents a gap in this field, in general, and pragmatics, in particular, the issue which this study aspires to handle. Using a qualitative approach, the paper aims to investigate the pragmatic strategies which realize gaslighting in the data taken purposefully from the novel entitled Gone Girl by Gillian Flynn. The significance of the study resides in shedding light on one of the hidden manifestations of hate speech which has, unfortunately, been invasive recently owing to the boom of technology. Among the most important conclusions is that gaslighting can be practiced on everyone without being aware of it. This can be of special importance in the age of adulthood of teenagers whose personality has not been fully shaped. That is why they can be a very good target for disseminating certain concepts through gaslighting. That’s why this concept should be given its due attention with the edificatory lectures on hate speech as it is a very risky strategy employed to achieve certain aims.
gaslighting, lies, love bombing, name-calling
A Functional Cognitive Stylistic Study of Online Horoscopes Predictions
The present study mainly investigates the linguistic choices used in daily horoscope predictions that attract the attention of readers globally. It employs a functional cognitive stylistic approach to analyze the language of horoscopes, concentrating on how linguistic structures shape meaning and reader interpretation. The primary objectives are to explore how functional cognitive stylistics improves the understanding of language use in horoscopes. The study adopts a qualitative eclectic model that integrates functional cognitive stylistics to achieve these goals. It adopts the tools of functional stylistics, particularly textual metafunctions (Halliday & Matthiessen, 2014), Moreover, it applies Schema Theory to explore how readers' pre-existing knowledge impacts their understanding, and Figure-Ground Theory (Stockwell, 2020) examines the emphasis on specific elements to guide focus while textual metafunctions establish discourse by structuring information flow, enhancing readability, and supporting key ideas within the horoscope predictions. Daily horoscope predictions published on Vogue India's website is the target of the study. The findings show that horoscopes capture attention and support important concepts through vague but captivating language. The language of horoscopes contains crucial cues that activates readers’ schema
daily horoscopes, cognitive stylistics, functional stylistics, schema
An Evaluation of English-Medium Instruction Program in Secondary Schools for Distinguished Students
The study aims to identify the level of agreement in using English as a medium of instruction according to study sample responses to the Context, Input, Process, and Product model questionnaire and evaluate the English as a medium of instruction program in secondary schools for distinguished students by the study sample according to the CIPP questionnaire items. The descriptive quantitative study included 109 teachers who actively attended the program in Iraq during the 2023–2024 academic year. To achieve the aims of this study, a five-point Likert scale questionnaire with 47 items based on Stufflebeam's (2015) CIPP model was prepared, validated, and administered to the participants in person and online. The data has been analyzed using SPSS. The findings have revealed that the teachers generally evaluated many aspects of the program positively. For example, the context of the course book prepares students scientifically and linguistically for their future. However, the study also revealed that (EMI) implementation poses challenges for teachers and students, including the absence of specific guidelines for EMI implementation and teachers' in-service training.
CIPP model, English-Medium Instruction EMI, Evaluation, Secondary Schools for Distinguished Students, Stufflebeam
Hermeneutical Manifestations of Hijabphobia in Mohja Kahf's Selected Poems
The term Hijabphobia is one of the forms of discourse that is founded on painful racial and religious discrimination against women who wear hijab, and it has received the attention of researchers, scholars, and poets. The study is centered on tracing the notion and its effects according to the theory of the German philosopher Wilhelm Dilthey in Hermeneutics, where the poems are selected from the collection of the poet Mohja Kahf's E-mails from Scheherazad. In addition to emphasizing the fact that women who wear hijab have a right to do so, this mission merits investigating potential explanations for this discourse and pinpointing potential causes. This paper will help to shed light on the systematic discourse that is directed against hijab.
Hijabphobia, lived experience, Hermeneutics, Muslim women
Evaluating the book of sentences and activities for kindergarten children from the point of view of female teachers in the city of Baghdad
The current study aimed to identify the evaluation of the book of experiences and activities for kindergarten children from the point of view of female teachers of the First Rusafa Education Directorate / Baghdad, and in light of the variables (educational qualification, number of years of service, the research sample consisted of (100) kindergarten teachers, the research followed the method Descriptive, the researcher used a questionnaire as a tool for data collection, which included (32) items distributed from four fields. Under each field, there are paragraphs related to that field, which are (educational objectives, content, educational strategies and means, artistic direction). Cronbach, mean, standard deviation, frequencies, percentage, t-test and analysis of variance The results of the study showed the following: Kindergarten teachers' assessments came with a moderate degree in the field of (strategies and teaching aids, and in the field of content), and they came with a high degree of appreciation in the field of (educational goals and the field of artistic direction). And there are no statistically significant differences at a significant level (0.05) between the means of evaluating the book of experiences and activities for kindergarten children from the point of view of female teachers according to the variable (educational qualification and years of service).
calendar, book of activities and experiences for kindergarten children
A Suggested Instructional Guide for Patients with Vagus Nerve Inflammation
Diseases are one of the major challenges facing all societies, which must be treated and united for the development of these societies. Medical clinics and counseling centers must deal carefully with patients, especially those with complex diseases such as vagus nerve inflammation. The difficulty of bearing the costs of medications and the scarcity or high cost of some of the treatments and medications necessary for these diseases. Many images that translate to the psychological and social problems of individuals, which have become clear and numerous, in addition to that, the scarcity of specialist doctors in neurological diseases and the difficulty of reaching them at any time or any place, where neurologist clinics are filled with patients. The researchers found it necessary to develop a guide that helps the patient recover with simple and clear steps. It included 10 lists, each list having specific content: Definitions and meanings of the guide's terms. Goals, visions, message, and philosophy of the guide and the need for it. How the guide is applied. Definition of the disease. Diagnosis of vagus nerve inflammation. Clinical laboratory examination procedures. Clinical (laboratory) examination: Head-up tilting table. Treatment of vagus nerve inflammation. Things the patient must adhere to. Things the patient must avoid. It obtained the approval of (20) experts in the field of guidance, and was applied to (25) patients with vagus nerve inflammation and their (36) companions at Al-Tariq Clinic Hay Al-Jamaa in Baghdad. The researchers put forward some recommendations and suggestions, including the preparation of a guide for diseases of the peripheral nervous system.
Instructional Guide, vagus nerve, vagus nerve patient
International Migration and "the New Berlin Walls"
The refugee crisis and the increasing of the international migration towards the developed countries represented by the European Union, the United States of America and Australia have created many problems and the reappearing walls again after 30 years since of the most famous wall collapse in the last century, i.e. the fall of Berlin Wall separating East Germany, West Germany. This research discusses the viewpoints in which different opinions support and oppose building walls by reviewing viewpoints and identifying motivations and reasons for both parties and assessing the effectiveness of border walls by analyzing concerns for illegal immigration. The effectiveness of legitimacy and its future consequences, historical studies have shown that the walls were constructed earlier limited, it has proven to be a complete failure, along with the ideology that supported those walls, and shows limited effectiveness. The walls are currently in place because of the many illegal immigration methods used by smugglers in finding routes and new possibilities for smuggling despite the technical and technological development of border control by developed countries. As, the research is based on the events that the world is witnessing today, including climate change and conflicts over water energy and other resources, this will lead to an increase in the volume of migration and greater displacement to low-lying countries and average incomes in the coming years, which will double the challenges of managing borders
International migration, Illegal immigration, Border walls
The positive and negative effects of technology on children’s cognitive development from the perspective of their teachers
The current research aims to identify the positive and negative effects of technology on the cognitive development of children from the point of view of their teachers, and to identify statistically significant differences in the positive and negative effects of technology on the cognitive development of children from the point of view of their teachers, depending on the gender variable (males, females), and to achieve my goal. For the research, a stratified random sample of (400) male and female teachers was chosen, distributed into (200) male and (200) male teachers, then a tool was prepared consisting of (15) items formulated in the style of self-report/declarative statements. The researchers verified the apparent validity of the scale and calculated its reliability. In the method of application and re-application, the Facronbach equation was also used, and the reliability coefficient values ​​were good compared to previous studies. The results of the research showed positive effects of the scale’s items, with (9) items, while (6) items appeared with negative effects on children’s cognitive development. The result of the second objective was the presence of statistically significant differences between male and female teachers in the negative effects, as the female teachers were more conservative. On the use of modern technology due to its negative effects, male and female teachers agreed on some of the others, and the two researchers came up with a set of recommendations and proposals in light of the research results
positive effects, negative effects, children’s cognitive development, technology
The Ecology of the University and its Effect on Building the Personaliy of the Iraqi Child (A Field Anthropological Research- The Kindergarten of the College of Education for Women- University of Baghdad)
The research aims to investigate the role of the university in building the child's personality according to the opinions of a sample of teachers in the Applied Kindergarten’s workshop at the College of Education for Women, University of Baghdad. The researcher uses the descriptive approach and the case study approach presenting several questions including knowing the most prominent methods and practices followed by teachers of the Applied Kindergarten’s workshop, as well as the effect of educational programs in building the child's personality that is in line with the cultural and social needs of children, in addition to its richness in cultural variables which made it a suitable spatial and human field of study. The researcher conducted a field study in this place for about nine months, during which she was able to investigate and learn many facts related to the research problem by conducting various interviews with teachers and participating with them in some of the activities they practice with children, which led to several results and conclusions, the most prominent of these conclusions were: Most teachers constantly provide guidance and advice to children and their parents, as there is a strong relationship between families and the institution to solve some of the problems related to them. The university's role in building the child's personality has a positive effect by providing conditions that are characterized by an educational and entertaining nature. The teachers of the Applied Kindergarten’s workshop are the main pillar in forming the child's personality. The Applied Kindergarten’s workshop provides many educational programs that are in line with the children's cultural and social needs, such as entertaining programs including music, drawing, and games and educational programs such as teaching them the alphabet and reading the Qur'an, etc.
ecology, personality, socialization, kindergarten child
Level of digital citizenship among Palestinian university students
The Effect of Instructing Teacher Talk and Classroom Language on EFL Student-Teachers’ Linguistic Performance
English Language Teachers have a crucial role in the process of learning and teaching since high-quality teachers lead to excellent educational outcomes. However, it is not easy to prepare proficient teachers in English language who can use English accurately and fluently inside the classroom. Thus, there is a need for specifically tailored training courses to prepare English language teachers qualified linguistically to use the English language in their classes. This study aims to find out the effect of instructing teacher talk and classroom language on EFL student-teachers' linguistic performance. The sample of this experimental study consists of (60) students, divided into equal control and experimental groups from the fourth stage, Department of English Language, College of Education for Women, University of Baghdad. The study instrument is an observational checklist prepared by the researcher. After ensuring its validity and reliability, it has been used to assess the linguistic performance of the student-teachers during the practicum period. The results obtained by statistical treatment of data have shown that there is a significant difference between the two groups in favor of experimental group. The findings revealed that the student teachers who have instructed with the expressions of teacher talk, and classroom language have achieved a higher level of performance than that of the student teachers who have not instructed. Accordingly, several recommendations and suggestions for further studies have been set forward.
Classroom Language, Linguistic performance, Student-teachers, Teacher Talk
Investigating Teaching Values in Teacher Education at Salahaddin University
Universities are not value-neutral educational zones but institutions for personality building and knowledge provision. This is especially true for teacher education colleges, where future teachers graduate. This study aims at investigating the extent to which teaching values is being incorporated into teaching EFL in colleges of Education and Basic Education at Salahaddin University. Besides, it tries to determine which value dimension is emphasized most by them. Finally, it attempts to uncover the challenges encountered when teaching values. This study adopts a mixed-method approach. A questionnaire will be used to obtain the quantitative data from 34 teachers, and the qualitative data will be collected from 8 teachers through an unstructured interview. The results revealed that Kurdish EFL teachers teach values in their classes, care about socializing students into appropriate behaviour, and exert an influence on them to internalize societal values and expectations. Their integration of teaching different values was almost identical, and teachers devoted equal time to teach values. Among the common challenges encountered by teachers when teaching values, they mentioned the controversial nature of the concept of ‘value’ itself and students’ disinclination to receive moral lessons.
Education Values, Teacher Education, Values
The Impact of Direct Strategies on ESP University Students’ Achievement in Reading Comprehension
Reading is one of foreign language receptive skills, that plays a great role in people lives. It is not a simple skill, it is related to understanding and comprehending the text. Many studies assert that EFL learners face difficulties in reading comprehension skill, so that teachers have to use the appropriate teaching strategies to improve this skill. Direct strategies are those strategies that require students to recover information and develop their reading skill because such strategies require the use of variety of tasks and strategies (memory, cognitive and compensation strategies). The present study aims at finding out the impact of direct strategies on M.A ESP university students achievement in reading comprehension. The following null hypothesis will be examined: there is no statistically significant difference between the achievement of students who are taught reading comprehension by direct strategies and those who are not. Two groups were chosen from M.A ESP students- History Department/ college of education for women/ university of Baghdad, during the academic year (2023-2024). One was chosen as the experimental group (Hadeeth Group), the other one was chosen to be the control group (Islamic Group). Both groups were pre and post tested. T-test for two independent samples is used, it is found that there is a statistically significant difference in the experimental group achievement than the control group because of direct strategies influence. At the end, conclusions based on the results of the study are presented.
Compensational Strategies, Direct Strategies, ESP Students, Reading Comprehension, University Students’
UN Human Trafficking Reports as Viewed through the Lens of Vagueness: A Semantico- Pragmatic Study
Human trafficking is widely recognized as a major challenge of the 21st century. The United Nations (UN), as the primary deliberative, policy-making, and coordinating entity, plays a crucial role in defining the collective vision for effectively combating human trafficking. Consequently, the UN publishes reports on human trafficking to provide an in-depth analysis of trafficking trends, information on victims, and prosecutions related to this crime. Due to the sensitivity of this issue, vagueness is sometimes employed in these reports. Vagueness is a common phenomenon encompassing expressions inherently lacking in precision and utilized for various interactional and social purposes. This paper aims to semantically investigate and pragmatically analyze the use of vagueness in these reports. The study contributes to the fields of semantics and pragmatics by examining how vague expressions function in discourse, thereby enriching linguistic theory and its applications. To achieve this aim, the researchers have adopted Channell's (2000) seminal work on vagueness on the semantic level and Levinson's (2000) Neo-Gricean approach on the pragmatic level. Four UN reports on human trafficking are purposefully selected and analysed qualitatively. The paper has come to certain conclusions, among which all the types of vague expressions identified in Channel's (2000) taxonomy of vagueness have been found in UN reports on human trafficking. Vagueness is often used to omit less important information, avoid conveying incorrect information, and attract attention. Vagueness in the UN reports on human trafficking serves several functions, including vague language helps to establish effective communication through concise language, promoting interactive mutual understanding between the interlocutors.
human trafficking, Neo-Gricean pragmatics, semantico-pragmatic, the UN reports, vagueness
The Meaninglessness of life in Jojo Moyes’ Me Before You
The study aims to explore the meaninglessness of life in Jojo Moyes’ novel "Me Before You" the profound theme of the meaninglessness of life through the poignant and complex relationship between its two central characters, Louisa Clark and Will Traynor. The story delves into the existential questions surrounding the value of life, the consequences of personal choices, and the moral dilemmas associated with assisted suicide. Moyes skillfully weaves a narrative that underscores the importance of human connections, empathy, and the potential for personal growth even in the face of seemingly insurmountable obstacles. "Me Before You" ultimately challenges readers to reflect on the fragility of life, the role of love in finding purpose, and the moral dilemmas that arise when one’s autonomy clashes with societal norms.
Death, jojo Moyes Novel, Meaninglessness of life, Me Before You
“Violence is the woman you never had” : Trauma of Women in Christina Reid's The Belle of the Belfast City
This paper examines The Belle of the Belfast City by Christina Reid through the lens of trauma theory as outlined by Judith Herman and Cathy Caruth. The play depicts the influence of the Troubles in Northern Ireland as a religious and sectarian conflict between Protestants and Catholics on women. Reid's work is mainly about the reunion of three generations of working-class Protestant women during the time of the Anglo-Irish agreement in 1985.The play's female characters face many obstacles, including racism, forced migration, religious persecution, economic struggle, social exclusion, and abuse. The study presents how religion is used as a tool to justify violence against women. Women become targets of verbal and physical abuse, violence, and discrimination based on religious identification. This study delves into the ways trauma impacts the lives and identities of the characters, shedding light on the crucial role of memory in their recovery. Moreover, the study examines use of symbols and songs to make the women's trauma experiences stronger. It shows both the visual and emotional parts of their lives and stresses the healing power of art and cultural expression.
religion, trauma, the Troubles, violence, women
Climate impact on consumption and the Water Rationing for rice crop in Babil Governorate
This study addressed the impact of climate, which included the elements (actual solar brightness, temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed) In water consumption and water Codified of eggplant crop in Babylon Governorate, and reliance was placed on the climatic data of the study area station, Al-Hillah station and my control stations are Baghdad and Karbala for a period of 30 years, and I use the (CROPWAT 8.0) program to calculate evapotranspiration using the Penman-Monteith equation developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (F.A.O) ,The study showed that the month of May was one of the lowest months in terms of the rice crop’s requirement of consumption and water consumption due to the decrease in both temperatures and solar brightness compared to the rest of the growing season, while the rice crop required the largest amount. For consumption and water consumption in the month of July, while the study showed that the amount of consumption and water consumption decreases in September at the end of the growing season due to the full growth of the crop, which requires a small amount of water. Karbala station recorded the lowest amount for water consumption and this is because the end of the growing season is shorter in Karbala compared to other stations.
Climate, Crop Coefficient (KC), water consumption, water codified, potential evaporation/transpiration.
Sustainability in the water supply in the city of Hilla
The supply of briquette water is sustainable when the water is of a quality and quantity that meets the needs of the city’s residents. To determine the quality of briquette water in the city of Hilla, the annual average of six chemical and physical characteristics of briquette water (pH, electrical conductivity, sulfates, dissolved solids, calcium, and total hardness) were compared. ) produced by water projects and complexes in the study area (the new Hilla project, the old Al-Tayara project, the Al-Tayara 1 and the Tayara 2), four of the properties had exceeded the permissible limit: electrical conductivity (1000 mg/L), sulfate (2500 mg/L). Dissolved solids (500 mg/L) and total hardness (500 mg/L). This is due to the high values of these characteristics in raw water, which comes from the Euphrates River, most of which are old projects and rely on traditional units that are not compatible with the development taking place in liquefaction water treatment techniques. As for the amount of water produced, from knowing the amount of water and the number of residents, it was found that there is a shortage of up to 207 liters/day per capita, as Iraqi standards set the per capita quota at 450 liters/day in city centers, and the product from projects is equal to 243 liters/day.
Water supply, Sustainability, Water supply quality, Water Quality Index (WQI), Physical and chemical properties of water, Hilla
COVID-19 and the Sustainable Development Goals: Future Vision for Childhood
The New Development Goals Report 2021 and United Nations sources indicated the result of the Covid-19 injury, and that 101 children are below the level of reading proficiency, which may change the gains achieved over two decades in the field of education, which led to the research of a scientific problem as a research text "What is the great vision of the future of childhood in light of the repercussions of Covid-19, and the development goals (2016/2030)"; Research in describing the Corona virus 19 towards achieving comprehensive development goals, and commitment to comprehensive development goals in the field of childhood, and inductive models were used through a desk survey of the literature on the Covid-19 virus and its association with global development goals in the field of technology as a model, during the time period (2020 - 2021 AD). The research reached a set of results as starting points for the forward-looking vision for the future of childhood the repercussions of the Covid-19 & the Sustainable Development Goals. That the forward-looking vision for the future of childhood be launched in the repercussions of the Covid-19 and the Sustainable Development Goals. To focus on the goal of a forward-looking vision for the future of childhood. To beginning the vision for childhood on the literature and the theoretical framework and the presentation and analysis of the research heritage through {the rules that social workers (academics and practitioners) can rely on - indicators for developing the forward-looking vision.
Childhood, Covid-19, Social Marketing, Social Development
Human security challenges and their repercussions on childhood in Iraq (A sociological reading of demographic and education variables)
In this paper, the researcher tries to read the current Iraqi situation with much simplicity and depth, simplicity in presentation, and depth in research into the aspects that are neglected or not given attention, thinking that they are not important in order to explain the phenomenon and put forward some solutions, and present a number of proposals and recommendations that can contribute to identify the sources of threat to human security in Iraq, and to work seriously and truly to contain and overcome them in order to provide a safer and more peaceful environment for childhood in the country to reassure of the conditions of future generations. This paper focuses on the population and education that the researcher believes that the rapid and excessive increase in population leads to large gaps in education, and severe weakness in the functions of educational institutions, including the family, which loses the ability to perform those functions, which leads to high rates of illiteracy, school dropout, early employment, and juvenile delinquency. The continuous increase in population also leads to a series of complex problems and crises due to the conflict over resources, unemployment, and the resulting crime, in addition to the spread of drug abuse among young people who find it a last resort to escape the miserable reality in which they find themselves in light of the prevalence of a culture of financial and administrative corruption in most aspects of the state and society. So, we realize that the human security challenges facing Iraqi children at present and in the future are real and major challenges that we must take seriously before we lose complete control over confronting these challenges.
childhood in Iraq, demography, education, human security challenges
تحديات الأمن الإنساني، التعليم، الديموغرافيا، الطفولة في العراق